基于心理账户理论的离合框架效应研究评述

通过回顾心理账户理论对离合框架效应的解释情况,发现已有文献对心理账户理论的支持情况并不理想。可能的原因是该理论的成立存在三个重要前提:不对广告价格信息重新加工;计算离框架各单品价格时,采用加法运算;加总离框架各单品价格时权重相等。消费者特点、商品价格特点以及价格表现形式能影响各个前提的成立。后续的研究,一方面要谨慎应用心理账户理论解释离合框架效应,另一方面要深入探讨已有文献中的争议和尚未研究的问题。     

一类半线性椭圆型方程的整体解

本文研究一类二阶半线性椭圆型方程正的整体解，所得的结果优于文[1]、[2]。     

卫生法学的逻辑起点与人文关怀

作为应用性跨学科研究,卫生法学不仅需要明确自己的出发点和根底,更需要一个共同的理论平台和基本的价值共识。它们不只是纯理论性问题,也关涉到卫生法治实践的核心、方向与目的等根本性问题。卫生法学的逻辑起点应该是生命法益,即具有法律意义的生命利益。卫生法学研究应该在此基础上合逻辑并且合规律地展开。卫生法学直接关涉到人的生存与发展、健康与尊严,因而人文关怀对于卫生法学来讲尤为重要,并具体表现为个体关怀、族群关怀和人类关怀三大层面。     

一类四阶两点边值问题的多重正解

讨论一类两参数四阶两点边值问题,利用锥上的不动点指标理论及拓扑度方法,在一定条件下得到了该问题多重正解的存在性.     

Heteroskedasticity-consistent interval estimators

The linear regression model is commonly used in applications. One of the assumptions made is that the error variances are constant across all observations. This assumption, known as homoskedasticity, is frequently violated in practice. A commonly used strategy is to estimate the regression parameters by ordinary least squares and to compute standard errors that deliver asymptotically valid inference under both homoskedasticity and heteroskedasticity of an unknown form. Several consistent standard errors have been proposed in the literature, and evaluated in numerical experiments based on their point estimation performance and on the finite sample behaviour of associated hypothesis tests. We build upon the existing literature by constructing heteroskedasticity-consistent interval estimators and numerically evaluating their finite sample performance. Different bootstrap interval estimators are also considered. The numerical results favour the HC4 interval estimator.     

Cross-Validated Assessments of Test Scoring Models

On a multiple choice test in which each item has r alternative options, a given number c of which are correct, various scoring models have been proposed. In one case the test-taker is allowed to choose any size solution subset and he/she is graded according to whether the subset is small and according to how many correct answers the subset contains. In a second case the test-taker is allowed to select only solution subsets of a prespecified maximum size and is graded as above. The first case is analogous to the situation where the test-taker is given a set of r options with each question; each question calls for a solution which consists of selecting that subset of the r responses which he/she believes to be correct. In the second case, when the prespecified solution subset is restricted to be of size at most one, the resulting scoring model corresponds to the usual model, referred to below as standard. The number c of correct options per item is usually known to the test-taker in this case.

Scoring models are evaluated according to how well they correctly identify the total scores of the individuals in the class of test-takers. Loss functions are constructed which penalize scoring models resulting in student scores which are not associated with the students true (or average) total score on the exam. Scoring models are compared on the basis of cross-validated assessments of the loss incurred by using each of the given models. It is shown that in many cases the assessment of the loss for scoring models which allow students the opportunity to choose more than one option for each question are smaller than the assessment of the loss for the standard scoring model.     

The asymptotic distribution of a pivotal quantity for a capture-recapture model

A pivotal quantity for a capture-recapture model is introduced and used to construct an asymptotic confidence region for (ε,N), where ε is the capture efficiency and N is the population size. The true confidence levels of certain regions are obtained by simulation. Certain confidence regions for (ε,N) are drawn to show the size of the regions and to show how confidence limits for N depend on ε.     

The rank distribution of the maximin in a random matrix

Let S be a set of tm distinct real numbers and R a random t × m matrix of these tm numbers with rows {r_i} and columns (c_i}. Define b = Max Min x. l≤i≤t x?r_i. Let c be the event Max Min x = Min Max x. l≤i≤t x?r_i l≤i≤m x?c_i. This paper derives the probability distribution of the rank of b in S, as well as the same distribution conditional on c.     

Non-linear models 1

This is the first application of a new method for testing stationary random point processes. Consider the class of all stationary ergodic point processes on the real line with arbitrary dependences among the inter–point distances (spacing).The hypothesis is :The observed process φ is a homogeneous Poisson process or more (resp.less) regular than a Poisson process.The sample is the vector of the first n points t₁, …,t_n.There is a close relation between our method for testing and queueing theory: For finding an appropriate test statistic, we observe the behaviour of a single server queue with the input φ.A table of critical values is given.     

Exponential Growth Model: From Horizontal to Linear Asymptote

We present a smooth function that can be used as regression curve for modeling growth phenomena requiring an increasing curvilinear concave asymptote. This model is obtained as the product of a concave asymptotic curve and the exponential model. In addition to its increasing character with a curvilinear asymptote, including horizontal or linear increasing asymptote, the resulting model provides curves with a single inflection point. Numerical examples are presented.