Individual and institutional determinants of multidimensional poverty: A European comparison

In this article we evaluate to what extent between-country differences in the probability of being ‘multidimensional’ poor can be explained by a range of ‘domain-specific’ indicators of welfare regime arrangements. To this end, a so-called micro-macro model is estimated, testing the ‘independent’ effect of institutions, as opposed to alternative explanations such as between-country differences in population composition and economic affluence. Although we conclude that institutional arrangements do influence the risk of multidimensional poverty in the expected direction, we also find that bringing the ‘economy’ back into the analyses has a non-trivial impact. Our results point at several avenues for further discussion and research. First, although the more elaborate welfare regimes generally do a better job in preventing poverty, the level of transfers is not always ‘proportional’ to the general standard of living in these countries. Second, we only find partial confirmation for the often cited ‘negative’ impact of labour market flexibility and the related equality-jobs trade-off. While stricter employment regulations do reduce the poverty risk (be it only after controlling for economic affluence), flexibility in terms of the availability of fixed-term labour seems to be preferable to unemployment, even if at the individual level, labour market flexibility increases the likelihood of being poor quite severely.

论马克思哲学“现实个人”理论及其当代审视

现实个人是马克思哲学的理论核心,依据社会形态理论其生成史可以阐发为三种形态：群体形态的个人,独立形态的个人,自由形态的个人,三种形态的历史演绎构成了现实个人发展的内在逻辑。当代中国正处于市场经济条件下,人表现为以物为基础的独立形态的个人,人的物化状态不可避免。物化状态的积极作用在于它是对群体形态个人的扬弃,对自由形态个人的基奠;其消极作用在于人以“物”而非“人”作为价值尺度,物质利益驱动使人对有限资源展开竞争而形成人际矛盾,而这一矛盾是引发社会种种不和谐现象的主要原因。因此,解决人际矛盾、实现入际和谐是构建和谐社会的根本着力点,其实现的根本途径在于民主、法治、道德的实现。     

从现代国家与社会关系看村民自治的未来走向

从国家与社会关系的角度来审视村民自治,村民自治是平衡农村社会与国家关系的有效形式;要实现国家与农村社会的良性互动,就要完善现有的乡政村治格局并使之日趋合理：扩大乡镇民主,软化乡镇权力;完善民主自治机制,提高村民自治能力;培育和发展乡村民间组织,提高农民组织化程度。     

三十年一场国企梦——从《乔厂长上任记》到《那儿》

从《乔厂长上任记》历经《烦恼人生》、《大厂》到《那儿》,完整地表现了一个国有企业从振兴到彻底衰败的轨迹,工业题材的创作也完成了从改革文学、新写实小说、现实主义冲击波到底层文学的演变,这其实也是一部当代思想史。在这一过程中,价值的转移,苦难的演变,都体现了作家们在不同的时代语境中对人的不断思考,因此,底层写作的意义不仅在于作家们对底层苦难的叙述,更在于作家们由此重新获得了批判社会现实的话语权。     

国家、民族、社区——美国国家公园建设的经验及教训

美国国家公园建设过程中,以国家为主导,注重国家意识,定位服务功能,体现其教育理念,并在此过程中将管理和利用模式由开始的保护转变为现在的保护与利用并行,为全世界提供了一个成功的模板。但在其100年的发展过程中,环境的破坏,原住民权利的漠视,游客管理的混乱,是其曾遇到或正在面临的问题。建议我国在进行国家公园建设时,应扬长避短,突出国家名义,强调社区参与和游客管理先行,并注重国家公园的公益性和教育功能。     

Social Change and Social Policy in Japan

This paper aims to present and discuss social change and social policy in Japan after the mid-20th century from a sociological viewpoint. Japanese social change and social policy from the mid-20th century onward can be categorized into three models in chronological order: escape from mass poverty by means of industrialization, improvement of the social security system to establish a welfare state, and parallel progress of aspiration for a welfare society and workfare. Defined concretely, these are (1) the period that established and improved social security, which started immediately after the end of World War II and ended in 1973, when Japan began to suffer from low growth after enjoying high growth; (2) the period in which finance for social security was adjusted, halfway through which the country experienced a bubble economy; and (3) the period after the 1990s, in which the structural reform of social security went hand-in-hand with labor policy and the advent of globalization. In each of the three periods, the direction of social policy was affected by factors that caused changes in such areas as industrial structure (the decline of agriculture), demographic structure (an aging society), and family structure and work pattern (the growing trend of nuclear families, single-person households, and irregular employment). In Japan, life security now attracts increasing attention, and employment security rather than social security has been the central issue. As it is greatly affected by globalization, employment security grows less conspicuous and makes the vulnerability of social security grow more conspicuous. Social policy has the potential to become an area with which to struggle for national integration and fissures between social groups.     

新形势下增强国有企业竞争力的理性思考

经济全球化对于国有企业改革与发展,是冲击、也是挑战,如何增强国有企业竞争力,促进国有企业改革与发展,是一项长期的艰巨任务,既需要宏观经济环境的支持,需要治理企业外部竞争条件,也必须深化企业内部改革。     

国企特性及其发展战略重组

在现代市场经济中,国有企业具有不同于一般企业的特殊性质和功能.因此,不能用规范一般企业的规则来规范我国的国有企业,而应按照现代企业制度的内在要求,借鉴各国特别是发达国家国有企业的优势,结合我国国有企业的实际,对我国国有企业进行战略性重组.     

真切自然:《人间词话》文学批评的基点与核心

王国维的《人间词话》中所提出的“境界说”以及以此为基础理论阐发的批评实践中归纳的重要理论 ,其实都围绕着一个评论基点核心 ,并以此为贯穿《人间词话》文学批评的精神 ,这就是真切与自然     

务实－普京内政外交的特点

普京成为俄罗斯总统后,在内政外交方面积极采取措施,走自己的改革道路.在内政方面重视科技在结构调整中的作用,整顿经济环境,改善人民生活;在外交方面,突出国内利益,突出外交中的经济色彩,加强俄罗斯核军事力量,维护国家安全,充分体现了务实、灵活的特点.