方法论更新与当代文学批评的出路

文学批评环境的恶化以及批评者自身能力的弱化,都使当代文学批评陷入新的一轮危机。所谓的“纯文学”、“文学性”等批评标准,面对20世纪90年代以来尤其是新世纪以来的文学新生态,不再具有理论说服力和阐释的有效性。一方面,“纯文学”文学作品或文学姿态不再受宠,以“纯文学”、“文学性”批评标准所经典化了的“经典”遭到了不同程度的解构;另一方面,通俗文学、民间写作、打工文学、80后新性情写作、欲望叙事和身体写作。却有被重新“经典化”的可能。如何有效地阐释当代的文学新现实,强化批评的能力,这成为当代文学批评者和文学理论界面临的重要课题。对于当代文学批评,必须更新论述方法,放弃狭隘的“文学性”批评标准。采用“文化人类学”视野、“理解接受”理论、“交流对话”理论、中国传统文论中的“情本体论”观察视角来对待和阐释当代文学文化新生态。或许能给当代文学批评注入新的活力和生机。     

基于网络视角的中小企业国际化研究方法评述与展望

近年来中小企业逐渐成为国际化的一支生力军,对于中小企业国际化的研究已成为企业国际化领域重要的研究课题。不同于大型跨国企业,中小企业较多地受制于自身资源和规模的限制,因此企业网络在中小企业国际化过程中尤其发挥着重大作用,越来越多的学者开始从网络视角研究中小企业的国际化问题。本研究就“基于网络视角的中小企业国际化问题”相关文献为研究对象,对其研究方法进行了系统阐述,以期对进一步研究商业网络对中小企业国际化的影响提供借鉴和指导。     

外语教学法及其在大学公共俄语教学中的应用

外语教学法流派众多,各教学法各有所长,也各有弊端。我们要依据大学公共俄语教学阶段和课型来选用主体教学方法,博采众长,综合运用外语教学法,同时兼顾其他影响因素,将极大地提高外语教学效果,达到大学公共俄语教学人才培养的目标。     

复杂科学对教育研究的方法论意义

传统的思维方式日益显露出缺陷和有限性的弊端。复杂科学的引进,要求我们超越传统思维方式,把教育看作一个复杂的、稳定的而又动态、自我发展的系统,为我们进行教育研究提供了新的视角和思维方式。教育研究本身的复杂性,也要求我们以一种复杂的思维方式来进行。     

Cumulative correspondence analysis of ordered categorical data from industrial experiments

Most studies of quality improvement deal with ordered categorical data from industrial experiments. Accounting for the ordering of such data plays an important role in effectively determining the optimal factor level of combination. This paper utilizes the correspondence analysis to develop a procedure to improve the ordered categorical response in a multifactor state system based on Taguchi's statistic. Users may find the proposed procedure in this paper to be attractive because we suggest a simple and also popular statistical tool for graphically identifying the really important factors and determining the levels to improve process quality. A case study for optimizing the polysilicon deposition process in a very large-scale integrated circuit is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed procedure.     

A robust QTL mapping procedure

In quantitative trait linkage studies using experimental crosses, the conventional normal location-shift model or other parameterizations may be unnecessarily restrictive. We generalize the mapping problem to a genuine nonparametric setup and provide a robust estimation procedure for the situation where the underlying phenotype distributions are completely unspecified. Classical Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney statistics are employed for point and interval estimation of QTL positions and effects.     

谈高校英语专业口译测试的规范化设计

口译测试是检测考生口译能力并获取教学反馈信息的重要手段。本文分析了当前高校口译测试中存在的问题,并以交际测试理论为指导,对口译测试的原则、内容、题型和评分标准等问题进行了综合研究和探讨,在此基础上对高校口译测试的规范设计和合理实施提出了具体建议和方案。     

Response of sensitive behaviors to frequent measurement

We study the influence of frequent survey measurement on behavior. Widespread access to the Internet has made important breakthroughs in frequent measurement possible—potentially revolutionizing social science measurement of processes that change quickly over time. One key concern about using such frequent measurement is that it may influence the behavior being studied. We investigate this possibility using both a population-based experiment with random assignment to participation in a weekly journal for twelve months (versus no journal) and a large-scale, population-based, journal-keeping study with weekly measurement for 30 months. Results reveal few of the measured behaviors are correlated with assignment to frequent measurement. Theoretical reasoning regarding the likely behavioral response to frequent measurement correctly predicts domains most vulnerable to this possibility. Overall, however, we found little evidence of behavioral response to frequent measurement.     

The dynamics of citizen sociolinguistics

The objective of this paper is to explore the dynamics of citizen science (CS) in sociolinguistics or citizen sociolinguistics, i.e. the engagement of non‐professionals in doing sociolinguistic research. Based on a CS‐study undertaken in Norway where we engaged young people as citizen scientists to explore linguistic diversity, this paper aims to clarify the definition of citizen sociolinguistics; it seeks to advance the discussion of the advantages of CS and of how CS can contribute to sociolinguistics; it also addresses the opposite: how sociolinguistics can contribute to the general field of citizen science; and it discusses the challenges of a CS‐methodology for sociolinguistic research, epistemologically and ethically, as well as in terms of recruitment, quality control and possible types of sociolinguistic tasks and topics. To meet the needs of society and societal challenges of today there is a need to develop methods and establish scientific acceptance for the relevance of public engagement in research. This paper argues that citizen sociolinguistics has the potential to advance the societal impact of sociolinguistics by constructing a dialogue between ‘the academy’ and ‘the citizens’; citizen sociolinguistics relies on and encourages participatory citizen agency, provides research experience, stimulates curiosity, further research, public understanding of science and (socio)linguistic awareness, and encourages linguistic stewardship.     

The significance of meaning. Why IPBES needs the social sciences and humanities

The term “biodiversity” is often used to describe phenomena of nature, which can be studied without a reference to the socially constructed, evaluative, or indeed normative contexts. In our paper, we challenge this conception by focusing particularly on methodological aspects of biodiversity research. We thereby engage with the idea of interdisciplinary biodiversity research as a scientific approach directed at the recognition and management of contemporary society in its ecological embedding. By doing this, we explore how research on and assessments of biodiversity can be enhanced if meaning, aspiration, desires, and related aspects of agency are methodically taken into account. In six sections, we substantiate our claim that the discourse on biodiversity (including the IPBES (Intergovernmental science-policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) debate) is incomplete without contributions from the social sciences and humanities. In the introduction, a brief overview of biodiversity’s conceptual history is provided showing that “biodiversity” is a lexical invention intended to create a strong political momentum. However, that does not impede its usability as a research concept. Section 2 examines the origins of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) by way of sociological discourse analysis. Subsequently, it proposes a matrix as a means to structure the ambiguities and tensions inherent in the CBD. The matrix reemphasizes our main thesis regarding the need to bring social and ethical expertise to the biodiversity discourse. In Section 3, we offer a brief sketch of the different methods of the natural and social sciences as well as ethics. This lays the groundwork for our Section 4, which explains and illustrates what social sciences and ethics can contribute to biodiversity research. Section 5 turns from research to politics and argues that biodiversity governance necessitates deliberative discourses in which participation of lay people plays an important role. Section 6 provides our conclusions.