Obtaining data linkage consent for children: factors influencing outcomes and potential biases

Understanding factors associated with consent for data linkage has largely focussed on adults, but parents or guardians can also be asked to consent on behalf of children for whom they are responsible. A framework for consent decision is presented, and is tested using a large nationally representative survey asking mothers to consent for both themselves and their children for two sets of records. Nearly all mothers give the same consent outcome for all their children. Consent rates are higher for education records than for health records and higher for mothers than children. Multivariate analyses suggest that minorities are generally less likely to consent, while more trust increases chances of consent. Several survey environment factors are important, with harder-to-contact respondents less likely to consent, while the presence of others and higher interviewer-respondent rapport lead to a higher chance of consent. These findings suggest potential methodologies to improve consent rates and possibly minimise bias. This is important given significant demographic differences between children across consent outcomes. However, data from a survey of 10–15 year olds in the study shows fewer differences for several important behaviours and attitudes across consent outcomes.     

Current records and record range with some applications

In a sequence of independent and identically distributed (iid) random variables, the upper (lower) current records and record range are studied. We derive general recurrence relations between the single and product moments for the upper and lower current records based on Weibull and positive Weibull distributions, as well as Pareto and negative Pareto distributions, respectively. Moreover, some asymptotic results for general current records are established. In addition, a recurrence relation and an explicit formula for the moments of record range based on the exponential distribution are given. Finally, numerical examples are presented to illustrate and corroborate theoretical results.     

高职英语专业学生英语自主学习能力培养的实证研究——以咸宁职业技术学院英语专业为例

以咸宁职业技术学院英语专业2个班级为研究对象,通过实验前后对控制班和试验班的自主学习能力、学习策略的使用情况进行问卷调查和测试分析,研究高职英语专业学生英语自主学习能力培养。结果表明：对学生进行策略训练可以提高学生对学生策略的使用,有利于学生自主学习能力和学生学习成绩的提高。进一步进行相关性分析,发现各项学习策略与自主学习能力和学业成绩,以及自主学习与测试成绩之间均呈显著的正相关。     

论宽严相济刑事政策下的前科消灭制度

我国现行前科制度与我国长期坚持"严打"的刑事政策相适应,前科消灭则适应宽严相济的刑事政策理念,符合刑法正当性原则,体现保护人权和刑罚谦抑的精神,契合法律的双重规制机能。我国已对未成年人的前科消灭进行了试点。随着宽严相济刑事政策的深入贯彻,我国有必要建立针对所有犯罪人的前科消灭制度。前科消灭的确认应综合考虑行为人的主观反社会性和前科经历的时间,前科的消灭还需适用严格的程序和特定的方式。     

汕头馆藏近现代基督教会档案的现状和利用

基督教新教在1848年传入潮汕地区后的近百年时间里,先后有四个外国基督教会差会在这个地区传教,除传教活动外,还通过办学、兴办医院、福利院等社会公益事业扩大教会在这一地区的影响。他们的活动曾留下了大量的文献和记载。汕头市档案馆保存的有关档案资料原始具体,且较系统,具有较高的史料价值。     

理想与现实的反差——读《史记·酷吏列传》

许多<史记>研究者和研究资料都认为<酷吏列传>表现了司马迁强烈的人民性和讽刺批判精神,其实这种认识是非常简单和片面的.正如现有一些学者所指出的,<酷吏列传>不能单纯或孤立地来认识,而是要将其放在当时的汉代社会大背景下,并将之与司马迁对社会的深刻认识和反思结合起来分析.对于酷吏,司马迁表现出一种复杂态度.一篇<酷吏列传>,一篇<循吏列传>实际上体现了司马迁现实与理想的矛盾和反差.     

Computer systems in addiction treatment programs: Availability and implications for program evaluation

Addiction treatment programs have been slow to adopt computerized information systems. Little systematic data exist on programs' technological infrastructures and use of electronic databases to store and analyze client information. Likewise, there is little information available on counselors' access to and use of the Internet for learning about new treatment techniques. Drawing upon data obtained in 2002–2003 from nationally-representative samples of publicly- and privately-funded addiction treatment centers and their counselors, this article describes the current state of the field in terms of data system availability and Internet usage. The availability of client-level databases is variable but continues to evolve. Programs maintaining electronic client data appear to be at an advantage for implementing outcomes monitoring activities. While counselors' access to computers is high, their use of the Internet and the NIDA website is low. The implications of these findings, and directions for future research, are discussed.     

我国刑法中的包容犯问题研究

包容犯是法定的一罪和加重的犯罪构成中出现的一种新的罪数形态,在我国新刑法中存在多处包容犯立法例,其和结合犯、吸收犯、牵连犯等一罪的形态存在差异,对包容犯应依法按照包容罪名的加重构成论处。包容犯立法例存在一定事实和逻辑上的依据,体现了立法者对公正和效率的追求,但包容犯立法例也存在不少弊端。刑法学界应在对包容犯进行充分的研究和比较论证的基础上来探讨这种立法例的存废。     

杖刑源流论考

中国杖刑历史极为久远。远古笞杖鞭不分,均源于鞭扑薄刑。就其在刑罚中的地位而言,三代鞭扑之刑不入五刑;西汉文景废肉刑、定笞刑,依然笞杖不分,却是主刑;东汉已有杖刑,但为法外刑,往往鞭杖连称;魏晋时期杖刑虽不入五刑,但已为法定刑;从北魏时起,杖刑是五刑之一,且是最轻刑等;从隋朝至清末,杖刑则作为稍重于最轻刑等的笞刑而列入五刑。此外,有时,它又是附加刑或代用刑。清末修律,废除了杖刑,但它在社会上仍然有着消极影响。     

四部分类法之解体探因

中国古代社会中儒家文化思想的主导地位,在目录学中的表现即是经部的独尊地位。对经部书籍的科学认识,意味着对四部分类法的真正破坏。四部分类法的解体,是近现代学术的发展、科学的进步、中西文化冲突的必然结果。