《唐律疏议》中的“法”考辨

《唐律疏议》中的“法”出现频次极高、分布极广，绝大多数表达了与“法律”相关的含义。各篇“序疏”中的“法”指称较为广义的“法律”、较为抽象的“法”或特定法典及其篇目；律典条文中的“法”表述形式复杂，但整体特征清晰，皆有明确的规范指向，即指称律、令、格、式以及其他法律渊源中的具体规范。“罪法”“理法”“正法”等较为特殊的表述形式，仍与“法”表意的整体特征及具体用法一致。以“法”指称具体规范是立法或注律的常规模式，此种指称围绕“正刑定罪”展开，是传统法发现、论证具体规范不可或缺的技术手段。     

中国传统山水画创作的“设计性”——从《踏歌图》谈起

从山水国画创作技法的“设计性”、创作观念的“设计性”和创作意象的“设计性”三个层面探讨了中国传统绘画创作的内在精髓，指出中国传统绘画历史发展主线的“设计性”典型性特质似乎从未更改过，“生成性”“创造性”则成为绘画创作的灵魂所在。     

当代工笔人物画肌理制作新技法探析

论述了画面肌理的基本概念及传统肌理制作的历史及艺术特点，并重点介绍了罗寒蕾、庄道静为代表的当代工笔人物画家的艺术形式，以此对当代工笔人物画中肌理新技法表现进行了总结提炼，探求工笔人物绘画的未来发展走向。     

Robust quasi-randomization-based estimation with ensemble learning for missing data

Missing data analysis requires assumptions about an outcome model or a response probability model to adjust for potential bias due to nonresponse. Doubly robust (DR) estimators are consistent if at least one of the models is correctly specified. Multiply robust (MR) estimators extend DR estimators by allowing for multiple models for both the outcome and/or response probability models and are consistent if at least one of the multiple models is correctly specified. We propose a robust quasi-randomization-based model approach to bring more protection against model misspecification than the existing DR and MR estimators, where any multiple semiparametric, nonparametric or machine learning models can be used for the outcome variable. The proposed estimator achieves unbiasedness by using a subsampling Rao–Blackwell method, given cell-homogenous response, regardless of any working models for the outcome. An unbiased variance estimation formula is proposed, which does not use any replicate jackknife or bootstrap methods. A simulation study shows that our proposed method outperforms the existing multiply robust estimators.     

花生四烯酸对小鼠卵泡衰老的影响

目的:研究花生四烯酸(arachidonic acid,AA)对小鼠卵泡发育的影响,探讨AA与卵巢早衰的关系?方法:10% AA饲料喂食4周龄ICR雌鼠,4个月后观察小鼠子宫卵巢重量?卵巢组织脂肪酸分析?卵巢组织学改变?结果:10%AA组与对照组相比子宫卵巢体重下降;脂肪酸分析结果显示10%AA组卵巢n-6/n-3不饱和脂肪酸比值增大;光镜下,10%AA组可见卵巢退行性黄体增多?间质纤维化?卵巢闭锁卵泡所占比例增加?结论:喂食10%AA饲料可引起小鼠卵巢衰老?     

Using epidemiological and health economic measures to inform maternity staffing decisions: A guide

BackgroundThere is growing concern around unnecessary intervention (particularly caesarean section) at birth in high-income countries. Caseload midwifery care aims to offset this, but is perceived to be costly to health services.AimTo use epidemiological and health economic techniques to estimate health outcomes and cost-savings of different levels of equivalent full time (EFT) midwives working in caseload midwifery care.MethodsTwo simulations were conducted — one assuming 10 EFT midwives working in a caseload model, with 35 women per caseload, and one assuming 50 EFT midwives working in a caseload model, with 45 women per caseload. Both were based on a sample of 5000 women. The main model inputs included rates of health outcomes for women (caesarean section, epidural anaesthesia, and episiotomy) and infants (low birthweight and admissions to special care nursery (SCN) or neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)), and the cost savings associated with health outcome avoidance.FindingsThe first simulation estimated 27 fewer caesarean sections, 12 fewer epidurals, 12 fewer episiotomies, 10 fewer low birthweight births, and 23 fewer infants admitted to SCN or NICU annually, at a total cost saving of AU$1,874,715. The second simulation estimated 173 fewer caesarean sections, 76 fewer epidurals, 76 fewer episiotomies, 65 fewer low birthweight births, and 150 fewer infants admitted to SCN or NICU annually, at a total cost saving of AU$12,051,741.ConclusionThis study provides local-level decision-makers with a decision-tool to calculate the potentially avoidable health outcomes and cost savings associated with implementing caseload midwifery care in their own service.