Societal Response to Hurricane Mitch and Intra‐ versus Intergenerational Equity Issues: Whose Norms Should Apply?

Late in the 1998 hurricane season, Central America was slammed by a devastating hurricane. Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Belize were greatly impacted by Hurricane Mitch, one of the deadliest storms to affect the region in the past 200 years. The economies of each of these countries were badly affected. In the case of Honduras — at the time the fourth‐poorest country in Latin America — its president suggested that 50 years of progress had been wiped out by the floods and mudslides associated with this relatively short‐lived storm system. Humanitarian assistance poured into the region in the first months following the disaster. As of mid‐2000, various national, bilateral, international, and nongovernmental programs were in progress or on the drawing board for recovery, reconstruction, and renewed development of the worst affected countries. Using Honduras as a case study, some of the ethical issues that abound in the decisions of whom to help, when, and how to help them in the wake of such an extreme climate‐related human tragedy are examined. Should development assistance be focused on those who have been directly and adversely affected by this storm, or should the emphasis be on reducing the risk of exposure by future generations to such disasters? Is there yet another approach that seeks to protect future generations from similar harm while at the same time assisting present‐day victims to get through their hardships?     

The Prospects for Foreign Debt Sustainability in Post‐Completion‐Point Countries: Implications of the HIPC‐MDRI Framework

The Enhanced HIPC Initiative was launched in 1999 to reduce the Net Present Value (NPV) of foreign debt of the world's poorest countries to a sustainable threshold of 150% of their exports. This article applies a simple growth‐with‐debt model to 16 post‐completion‐point HIPCs to assess whether this goal will be met by 2015. Its somewhat optimistic base‐case projections suggest that participation in the current Enhanced HIPC‐MDRI initiative will only reduce the NPV of their total external debt to 176% of exports by this date. Sensitivity tests which expose these countries to adverse exogenous shocks help draw attention to policies that could ensure that they do not again accumulate unsustainable debt levels.     

防范与失范：清末民初女性犯罪防治问题研究

清末民初国家和社会针对日益增多的女性犯罪，先后采取了一定的防治措施，这对控制女性犯罪起到了一定的作用。但从实际效果看，由于防范方法的失当，救济机构的不完善及救济措施的不健全等原因，当时各种防治措施并未能有效地减少女性犯罪。     

北朝碑刻胡姓改化姓氏词初探

少数民族姓氏简化有规律可循，大体上是将简化的单姓与当时社会上流行的单姓（多为汉姓）相结合，改后的单姓与原有复姓之间或语音上、或语义上、或文字上总是存在种种联系，体现了改姓之初有利于民族融和的意旨。这可以从北朝碑刻中胡姓改化姓氏词得到证明。     

海外中国国民权益保护的国际法思考

全球化导致海外国民保护的客观需求迅增,国际法的人本化趋势促进了国际层面个人权益保护的发展,中国政府的职能调整在外交领域促生"外交为民"理念,需要有效承担海外国民权益保护的重任。外国人待遇是确定海外国民权益的国际法基础,属人管辖是国籍国保护在外国民的国际法依据。海外中国国民权益保护的途径首先是受害人用尽当地救济,其次是起到预防与协助作用的领事保护,而外交保护、国际人权保护只是补充救济途径。     

论大规模侵权损害救济模式的构建

近些年,我国大规模侵权事件频发,研究大规模侵权理论,特别是大规模侵权损害救济模式,对建设和谐社会具有重要借鉴意义。大规模侵权损害的救济具有一定的社会现实基础,在此基础上可以构建大规模侵权损害救济模式,即以政府服务为主导,综合运用以侵权人赔偿为基础、责任保险为主力、救济基金为保障的多位一体救济模式,用多元化的思维和举措保障受害人获得救济,从而助力和谐社会建设。     

大足石雕社会性传承主体研究

本文以重庆市市级非物质文化遗产大足石雕的传承群体为调查对象,运用参与观察、访谈等田野调查方法,并查阅《大足石刻铭文录》《石刻考古录》等文献,在对大足石雕技艺传承现状和传承群体生存现状进行田野调查的基础上,进一步对大足石雕技艺传承和保护困境进行了反思。本文认为,大足石雕传承群体生存困境,实质是文化与权力的二次建构,以及这种双重建构加之于同一对象的矛盾性的具体体现。     

我国知识产权停止侵害请求权限制的法律原则

主流学说认为,知识产权请求权是类物权请求权,侵权即应适用停止侵害。这种类推是知识产权物权化的表现,容易使知识产权保护过强而不符合社会经济生活。本质上,知识产权停止侵害请求权是知识产权侵权之债的内容。知识产权侵权行为可造就独特的事实状态,不仅牵涉知识产权人和侵权行为人的利益,而且可能卷入第三人利益和公共利益。法院应基于侵权的具体情况,综合考虑原被告对侵权发生的过错,平衡各方利益,公平地确定知识产权侵权之债的具体履行方式,采用灵活的措施修复侵权损害的社会关系,不应机械地判处侵权人停止侵害。在知识产权法无相反规定的情况下,我国法院应类推适用民法有关债之履行的一般法律规范,在特殊情况下不判处知识产权侵权行为人停止侵害,改为责令其赔偿权利人损失和采取适当的补救措施来实现充分救济。     

剺面习俗的渊源和流传

剺面习俗在东汉至隋唐时期流行于以突厥为主体的西域诸民族中,并于唐代前期随着突厥与中原政权的频繁交往和大量降唐的突厥人内迁而被汉族等更多的民族所了解。剺面习俗在匈奴人中并未流行,突厥中的剺面习俗是由迁入西域的民族传入的。春秋战国时期,一些分布在阿尔泰山及附近地区的鹿石面部有斜线纹,它们很可能表示的是剺面的创伤。     

试论国家宏观调控的法律监督与救济机制

建立国家宏观调控的法律监督与救济机制 ,不仅是现代国家干预与市场经济的要求 ,同时也是宏观调控与宏观调控法国际化的产物。针对我国现行政治体制 ,应建立以国家立法机关和审判机关的监督与救济为核心 ,以社会公众的监督及寻求救济为基础的外部的、公开的、经常的、系统的法律监督与救济体系