Contesting Dominance and Performing Badness: A Micro‐Sociological Analysis of the Forms,Situational Asymmetry,and Severity of Street Violence

This article proposes two ideal types of street violence: contesting dominance and performing badness. These ideal types were used as heuristic devices in qualitative analyses of 159 violent interactions among Dutch youth, taken from judicial case files. These analyses revealed that over half of the interactions resembled the contesting dominance type. Here, opponents engage in sequences of challenges and provocations to aggressively establish a domineering self; attackers purposively looked for or arranged confrontations that revolved around the issue of who is superior per se. The performing badness type was found in 30% of the cases. This is one‐sided violence in which attackers humiliate and toy with their victims to display their power and meanness. The relationships between these forms of violence, situational asymmetry (weak victims and supportive groups) and severity of the violence were analyzed statistically. Contesting dominance was associated with more severe violence, resulting from the greater amount of confrontational tension. Situational asymmetry was the rule in both forms of violence. The difference between the size of the attackers’ supportive group and that of the victims turned out to be especially important. The larger the difference, the more severe the violence in general, but especially in contesting dominance.     

用全面的辩证的眼光看社会主义市场经济

关于“跨越资本主义卡夫丁峡谷”话题引起很多争论,诸说并出,难以达成一致意见,究其原因,最根本的就在于人们理解市场经济、理解社会主义和资本主义的传统的形而上学思维方式。用全面的辩证的眼光看社会主义市场经济是化解这场纷争的根本思路,这是一个认识的过程,更是一个实践的过程。     

京杭运河水工建筑遗产旅游开发研究——以江浙段为例

水工建筑遗产作为京杭运河千年文化的历史见证,作为京杭运河遗产资源的重要组成部分,效用价值转化为历史文化价值,造型别致的建筑特征对公众构成吸引力。文章分析了京杭运河江浙段水工建筑遗产类型及其旅游开发存在的遗产保护缺失、旅游开发与地方文化融合性不强、旅游配套设施不够完善等问题,创新性地提出三种水工建筑遗产旅游开发产品：博物馆产品、主题文化街区产品、徒步和露营产品,为水工建筑遗产旅游开发实践提供理论依据。     

A community of singers: employing exploratory cluster analysis to reveal profiles of psychosocial characteristics among members of a street choir for homeless and formerly homeless individuals

This exploratory study employed cluster analysis to identify profiles of resilience, social support, stress, and mental health among members of a homeless and formerly homeless street choir; we examined the association between choir attendance and cluster membership, and the interaction of cluster membership and race. Respondents (N?=?111, 66% African American, 84% homeless) had participated in the choir for an average of 12 months (SD?=?12.02). We stratified the analysis according to homelessness status. Among those housed, k-means cluster analysis revealed two profiles: (1) relatively resourced but lower resilience, and (2) high resilience. Three profiles emerged among the homeless: (1) psychologically vulnerable, high stress and mental health concerns; (2) relatively resourced, showing average levels of mental health concerns and social support, minimally elevated stress, and higher resilience; and (3) low resilience. Examining the interaction, non-African American, housed participants in the high resilience cluster reported the most frequent choir attendance (M?=?4.00, SD?=?0.00); among the homeless, non-African Americans in the psychologically vulnerable cluster reported the most frequent attendance (M?=?3.88, SD?=?1.25). Results support the need for programs that address higher order needs concurrently with housing; they also highlight the ongoing need to provide particular outreach to minority populations.     

街道社区管理体制改革探析——乌鲁木齐市街道社区改革调查与思考

乌鲁木齐街道社区现行管理体制存在的主要问题是：宏观管理体制不颠；街道机构庞大；街道社区职责不清；社区工作名目繁多负担过重。这使得街道社区工作很难适应城市管理的形势，故亟须改革。这种改革是一项系统工程，但应明确四个原则，即：“重心下移，立足基层”；“条块结合，以块为主”；“扩大民主，权力均衡”；“园地制宜，循序渐进”。     

高校资产产权的界定问题探析

在市场经济条件下，由于高校资产形成渠道的多元化、复杂化，其产权归属不能认为是全部归国家所有，统称为国有资产，而应该根据投资渠道和投资主体的不同，坚持投资者拥有所有权的基本原则，对高校资产产权进行重新界定，以明确国家和高校资产的产权范围，对产权属于高校的部分资产，准予高校自行处置，以获得更大效益，增强高校竞争力，从而促进我国高等教育事业的可持续发展。     

新疆籍返乡流浪儿童教育救助缺失问题分析

新疆籍儿童流浪的直接原因包括安全教育缺乏、家庭监护、社会救助和国家保护不足。儿童在流浪生活中,深受负面教唆和诱导。为切实保障流浪儿童的受教育权和发展权,亟待解决教育救助机制缺失问题。因此,有必要设立专门的教育机构以承担起多项职能,包括提供替代性监护、基础教育及职业教育。     

流浪儿童福利发展的阶段特征与动力因素

流浪儿童福利发展水平取决于社会经济发展水平,同时也受到执政理念、国家政策、公共舆论、学术研究等方面的影响。我国流浪儿童福利发展已进入关键机遇期,需要动员各方资源,提升发展的层次和水平。     

建构主义视角下的结构批判政策分析模式初探——以我国问题流浪儿童的社会救助政策为例

文章在总结社会问题的建构主义观点之后,基于对传统的"问题—解决模式"的批判性解读,初步阐述了"结构—批判分析模式"的政策理论分析框架。进一步,立足于"结构—批判分析模式",对我国问题流浪儿童的社会救助政策进行了再反思,由此形成了对我国问题流浪儿童的新理解及政策与服务的启示。     

晚清自治时期上海街头的警民冲突

晚清自治时期,自治官绅从租界引进了不少西方近代城市管理措施,以加强对居民日常行为的干预。但是,长期养成的旧习惯肯定非一日之功可以改变。于是,当租界当局、老城厢的自治士绅以警察强力推行新的行为规则时,国人仍以习惯行事,在租界街头就首先出现了居民与租界巡捕之间的暴力冲突;数十年后,曾经发生在租界街头的冲突又在老城厢重演,并成为当时老城厢居民生活中的一个值得注意的话题。在近代上海,不管是发生在19世纪后期租界街头的警民冲突,还是20世纪初在老城厢上演的街头闹剧,在某种程度上都反映了前近代与近代城市生活的差异,说明中国城市居民要适应近代城市生活,需要改变某些被视为理所当然的生活习惯,重新调适个人行为。在近代中国社会的急剧变革过程中,相对革命、立宪所导致的社会冲突而言,发生在人们生活领域中的冲突应该更能反映社会的变迁。