马克思理论视阈中的“现实的人”——以《德意志意识形态》为文本考察

现实的人是马克思新哲学的出发点和落脚点，同时也是马克思对整个思想史上各种“片面人”的颠覆性阐释，是唯物史观与唯心史观和经验论决裂的标识。它不同于性恶论或性善论或既无善亦无恶论，也不同于黑格尔的“绝对精神”的人，更不同于费尔巴哈的“类”。与黑格尔思想及其青年黑格尔派和费尔巴哈等人思想交锋的过程中，马克思分别通过以所有制为轴线动态考察历史发展和以分工为轴线静态考察社会的结构性存在两条线索来阐释“现实的人”的内涵，并以生产工具为红线，对资本主义社会下“现实的人”的静态结构和动态发展予以微观透视。由此，按照唯物史观的基本立场、观点和方法来说，以经济决定政治、政治决定文化的序列构成的结构性存在来解释人才是马克思所谓的“现实的人”。     

Information and communication technology adoption in micro and small firms: Can internet access improve labour productivity?

The rapid spread of information and communication technologies (ICT) may increase firms’ productivity with important consequences for job creation and for economic growth. This article contributes to this discussion by analysing the impact of internet adoption on labour productivity and the mechanisms shaping this relationship in Peruvian micro and small manufacturing firms over the period 2011–2013. The article estimates a reduced form where labour productivity is a function of internet adoption and other explanatory factors. Internet adoption is instrumented using a measure of the availability of financial opportunities for micro and small firms in Peru. Findings indicate that internet adoption: (a) increases firms’ labour productivity; (b) reallocates employment away from temporary administrative workers and non‐remunerated workers and expands employment of permanent production workers; (c) leads to the formalization of labour relationships, to the implementation of new organizational practices and to the improvement of training measures. While changes in employment and formalization of workers are linked to labour productivity gains, increases in training measures and organizational changes do not generate any additional productivity increase. Policies oriented to promote the adoption of ICT in micro and small firms can be beneficial to close the productivity gap with larger firms in Peru. Moreover, policies directed to the formalization of the workforce can provide an extra benefit, i.e. additional labour productivity gains in firms adopting the internet. Finally, policies oriented to the development of digital skills are also important to ease the re‐employment of those workers losing their jobs and the achievement of additional productivity gains that new organizational practices can provide.     

安徽教育投资发展状况及优化路径研究

近年来，安徽省教育投资环境明显改善，大力推进教育均衡发展，教育投资总量不断增加，教育事业稳步发展，但同时也暴露出诸多问题。安徽省教育投资发展存在的主要问题是：教育投资增速放缓，多元化投资渠道尚未形成，投资结构不合理，区域分布不均衡。在“十九大”提出的教育发展精神指导下，针对安徽省教育投资发展现状与存在的主要问题，提出优化安徽省教育投资发展的主要路径。     

Organizational closedown and the process of deconstruction and creativity

This paper outlines an analysis of how the deconstruction of organizational, management control and performance management structures affects performances and how workers make sense of enhanced efforts and practices of creativity, in a situation when facing a certainty of job loss as of the closedown of the organization. In this paper, we have shown that the deconstruction of structures generate positive performance outcomes, and that such relation is being mediated by workers identity. We have also shown that identity work under a process of organizational closedown generate certain creativity. By doing so, this paper contributes to the literature on creativity and deconstruction by developing an emergent model where workers identity mediates formal structures in relation to performance. This paper contributes to the literature on closedowns by extending its analytical and theoretical domains, proving alternative, yet complementary and mediating explanations to the causes of drivers to enhanced performances during the process of closedown.     

Optimizing global thermal coal shipments

Thermal coal is used to produce energy; with changing emissions standards and advents in renewable technology, the thermal coal market has seen significant transformation over the past decade. We develop a mixed-integer optimization problem that seeks to minimize shipment costs while meeting demand for thermal coal, and which respects quality constraints, supply limits, and port capacity; we use this model to analyze the following scenarios: (i) a counterfactual setting in which we compare historical shipping patterns to model results using a 2012 base year; (ii) the explicit effect of Chinese mandates on coal shipments; (iii) the impact on our shipping patterns of reduced Chinese and Indian demand; (iv) the effects of the Baltic Dry Index and oil prices; and (v) a comparison of shipments prior and subsequent to Panama Canal expansion. Our work can be used to inform policy, study responses to variable price and demand scenarios, and provide insight to both coal producers and consumers about the international coal market. For example, removal of mandates set by the Chinese government to fill its own demand decreases coal flows from Northern to Southern China by 56%, which has a spill-over effect on European and American markets; and, expansion of the Panama Canal leads to only modest shipping increases through the canal (6.7%), with more coal originating from Colombia serving Asian demand.     

水驱砂岩油藏孔喉结构变化的三维网络模拟

以长期水驱实验为基础，建立了等效水驱砂岩储层孔喉结构变化的三维网络模拟模型，结合三维微粒运移机制和有限差分求解方法，得到了长期水驱砂岩油藏孔喉结构变化规律：（1） 冲刷后喉道半径呈增加趋势，喉道半径变化范围变大，极小喉道半径呈微弱减小趋势；（2） 孔隙网络模型中冲刷半径扩大的孔道分布形式与原始孔隙网络结构密切相关，并非所有的大孔道都串联起来贯穿岩芯孔隙网络的两个端面，但入口端和出口端部分大孔道相互连通，形成端面上的大孔道网络群。网络模拟注水结果结合采油井测试，可为注水剖面的调整提供更加可靠的依据。     

Finding Bhaskar in all the wrong places? Causation,process, and structure in Bhaskar and Deleuze

This article examines the reception of Roy Bhaskar amongst some contemporary Deleuzians. It proceeds by rejecting the all too often predilection of opposing realism to ‘postmodernism’ or ‘post‐structuralism’ arguing instead for the need to bring one into dialogue with the other. To this end, the paper explores the resonances and points of departure between the work of Gilles Deleuze and Roy Bhaskar. In particular, it examines the language of causation, object‐oriented versus process‐oriented ontologies, as well as the charge by Deleuzians that Bhaskar is an essentialist. Through this engagement it attempts to develop and rethink explanation and causation in terms of a more chaotic ontology of machines, centered around the concept of structure, process, and production in an open, heterogeneous, and dynamic world. The end result is a more chaotic concept of realism.     

Family structure and the economic wellbeing of children in youth and adulthood

An extensive literature on the relationship between family structure and children’s outcomes consistently shows that living with a single parent is associated with negative outcomes. Few US studies, however, examine how a child’s family structure affects outcomes for the child once he/she reaches adulthood. We directly examine, using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, whether family structure during childhood is related to the child’s economic wellbeing both during childhood as well as during adulthood. We find that living with a single parent is associated with the level of family resources available during childhood. This finding persists even when we remove time invariant factors within families. We also show that family structure is related to the child’s education, marital status, and adult family income. Once we control for the child’s demography and economic wellbeing in childhood, however, the associations into adulthood become trivial in size and statistically insignificant, suggesting that the relationship between family structure and children’s long-term, economic outcomes is due in large part to the relationship between family structure and economic wellbeing in childhood.     

日语教育中句群的实义切分与信息结构

信息结构是句子实际意义的切分，它与句群有着天然联系。本文通过对日语句群的信息结构的分析，指出了日语句子的实义切分标准是信息相对于听话人是已知或未知、信息在说话人语流中出现或未出现过、信息在目前是激活状态还是未激活状态、信息的预设或断言的实际情况等四项，同时讨论了句子的实义切分在日语句群教育中的应用。     

中国梦科学内涵的三个层次

中国梦的科学内涵具有丰富的思想内容和严密的逻辑结构,分为三个层次:第一个层次是其基本内涵,将国家、民族、个人相结合,赋予不同层次的内涵和追求,即国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福。中国梦第二层次表现在逻辑结构上:将中国的发展置于历史、现在、未来的时空坐标中,从历史长河探寻发展的规律,从世界层面来看追求的是和谐、和平、合作、共赢,从国家层面要求处理好国家、民族与个人的关系,个人层面强调个体的责任担当。中国梦第三层次体现的是其精神实质,即将中国、世界、人类发展相结合,阐释了中国、世界和人类的关系,将共产主义、中国特色社会主义、人类社会发展相结合,深刻揭示人类社会发展规律。中国梦的本质就是中国特色社会主义。