1870—1914年英国的慈善事业

1870—1914年英国的慈善事业有了较大的发展,这种发展既有历史的原因,也有社会传统的原因,并与这一时期英国社会经济的变化直接相关。慈善事业所提供的救助主要表现在一般性救济、失业救济、住房建设以及医疗健康救济等方面。从总体上说,慈善机构各类救济在英国社会发挥了重要作用,但是由于英国社会问题的越发严重以及慈善组织自身在原则和措施方面的不足,英国慈善组织的社会救济效果并不明显。     

解决高校“学费贵、上学难”问题的对策研究

“学费贵、上学难”的舆论是在我国高等教育跨越式发展中产生的问题，但并不是我国高等教育发展中的主要矛盾。政府和社会各界对待舆论要保持一定的理性，对“学费贵、上学难”要作认真、具体的分析。当前，“上学难”已不是问题，而解决“学费贵”的根本出路在于制度的创新。解决“学费贵、上学难”的问题，必须以科学发展观为指导，以发展为中心，以全面协调可持续为基本要求，以统筹兼顾为根本方法，以人民群众是否满意为终极目标。政府要进一步增加对高等教育的投入，高校要把筹措资金作为一项重要工作，各项收费，尤其是学费要尽早引入价格机制，要进一步深化高考制度改革，进一步完善助学贷款制度，使贫因家庭子女上得起学、上好学。     

流浪乞讨人员社会救助法律制度研究

《城市生活无着的流浪乞讨人员救助管理办法》推行5年来在理论上也积累了大量的文献资料。针对这些文献研究的焦点问题,如流浪乞讨人员进行社会救助必要性、我国流浪乞讨人员形成原因、乞讨权的定性、救助管理中存在的问题、原因及解决对策等进行整理和总结,并分析需要进一步研究的问题。     

非政府社会救助:社会救助主体多元化的必然选择

从当前我国的国情来看,确立以政府为主导、以非政府力量为补充的社会救助多元主体结构,营造非政府社会救助良性发展的社会环境,是完善我国社会救助体系的必然选择.为此,我们应借鉴发达国家和地区的经验,积极培育有利于社会救助的思想理念,完善社会救助法规,大力发展慈善事业,逐步形成多元的、面对社会各类弱势群体的、完善的社会救助系统.     

现代维吾尔语方言词中的汉语方言词

现代维吾尔语中汉语方言借词．的涉及面较广，包括经济、政治、人物、性质、生活饮食、行为动作等方面的新疆汉语方言词。经过长期使用演化，维吾尔语中有汉语借词维语本土化的现象。     

发现用于外国诉讼程序之证据——《美国法典》第1782条评析

美国协助外国法院、外国法庭、国际法庭和其诉讼当事人调取用于该法庭诉讼程序之证据的成文法典是《美国法典》第28章第1782条。其特点是单方面,在高度自由、广泛的证人特权和适用过程中,法院具有相当大的自由裁量权。     

Question worth 20 million lives: Why federal housing assistance has not had its Obamacare

The equitable character of a policy determines its progressiveness, yet some domestic policies are more equitable than others. The question of how and why this is the case is addressed by studying federal housing and health policies in the United States, a critical case known for its rampant inequalities in both sectors. Although social equity is a fundamental aspect of welfare provision, explaining differences in coverage and government support among policy areas remains a weakness in the literature. This comparative historical analysis shows that both housing assistance and health care suffered from inequities almost as early as their inception. But a progressive reform took shape with the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and extended coverage to 20 million people formerly uninsured. This essay tackles an unsolved puzzle: Why has such grand policy reform never taken place in housing where more than 20 million people are eligible for assistance but do not receive help? We found that it is largely explained by housing assistance distinctiveness with regard to its weak constituency, racial connotation and low public concern. We conclude with the analytical payoffs of studying social equity, both for political scientists and observers of social affairs.     

Knowledge translation and implementation of housing first in Canada: A qualitative assessment of capacity building needs for an evidence-based program

We examined communities’ expressed needs for capacity building in the implementation of Housing First (HF) for persons experiencing homelessness. The findings are based on thematic analyses of qualitative data obtained from participants (n = 77) in 11 focus groups conducted in seven Canadian cities. We identified capacity building needs in the areas of training (e.g., HF principles, clinical services, landlord engagement) and technical assistance (e.g., intake coordination, client prioritization, fidelity assessment). These findings were used to tailor training and technical assessment (TTA) to the stages of HF implementation in these cities. Limitations and implications for future theory, research, and practice are discussed.     

Children against parents? The politics of intergenerational recalibration in Southern Europe

Traditionally, Southern European countries displayed remarkably elderly biased social policy arrangements. This article introduces the notion of intergenerational recalibration to capture reforms aimed at rebalancing the generational profile of Southern European welfare states via the expansion of family policy and social assistance schemes—both monetary benefits and care services—and retrenchment in the field of pensions. Then, it elaborates theoretically on the political dimension of this policy strategy, focusing on the implications of the peculiar combination of expansionary and retrenchment reforms, to advance the hypotheses that domestic politics would prevent the realization of such an agenda, whereas the latter would be favored by a major role of supranational actors, especially the European Union. To test these hypotheses, we systematically analyze policy trajectories in the field of pensions and social assistance in Italy and Spain between the mid‐1990s and 2016. This allows, first, to argue that investment in “pro‐children” measures has not adequately balanced the reduction of pro‐parents expenditure and, second, to question the idea that domestic political incentives to expand “pro‐children” policies are necessarily too weak as well as the “enabling” role of external pressures in pursuing intergenerational recalibration.     

Beyond continuity? Italian social assistance policies between institutional opportunities and agency

Madama I. Beyond continuity? Italian social assistance policies between institutional opportunities and agency The article addresses recent developments of social assistance policies in Italy with two interpretative aims. The first regards the approval of the long‐awaited framework law in 2000 and deals with the factors that made a path‐shifting national reform possible in a policy sector which had evolved through successive accretions and gradual revisions. The second regards the effectiveness of the reform, providing an assessment of the (scant) achievements subsequent to its adoption. The reform process was investigated through a model that combines factors of historical neo‐institutionalist derivation and agency dynamics, the latter of which is intended to overcome the structuralist bias of purely neo‐institutionalist explanations. The article draws two conclusions. The first concerns the resilience of Italy's backwardness in this policy field. The second, a theoretical consideration, is that if institutions function as constraint generators as well as opportunity generators for actors, agency dynamics are crucial in order to fully understand the timing and specific contents of institutional change.