对口援藏制度研究进展

“Complementary counterpart assis-tance” to Tibet is one of the earliest ways China conducted regional “complementary counterpart”assistance. As a formal institutional arrangement, it already has had more than 20 years of history. The academic research on “assistance to Tibet”has been gradually increasing. However, there are big differences in understanding many of the is-sues. This article conducts a comprehensive analy-sis on the progress of related research on the“com-plementary counterpart” assistance to Tibet in re-cent years, focusing on the spheres of assistance, the theoretical basis, institutional nature and other issues related to “complementany counterpart” as-sistance of Tibet. It further proposes the direction of future research.     

城乡困难家庭的求助网络及其政策启示

文章使用“城乡困难家庭调查”2014年跟踪数据,对我国城乡困难家庭的求助网络结构和家庭因素进行分析,发现：血缘和亲缘关系仍是我国城乡困难家庭最天然的帮扶网络,但官方社会救助系统的作用已超过民间系统,邻里朋友仅在血亲和官方系统失灵时起补充作用;基层治理结构对求助网络的城乡差异产生影响,流动人口家庭求助网络呈现多元均衡的特征,但面临官方救助系统的制度性缺失;人口规模、低保资格两个家庭因素对城乡困难家庭求助网络有显著影响。文章认为,应进一步发挥社会力量的作用,针对我国城乡困难家庭建立官民并举、多元协作的社会救助政策体系。     

The potential of a couples approach to employment assistance: results of a nonexperimental evaluation

We present findings from a nonexperimental evaluation of an employment program in which both partners in young, low-income, primarily African-American couples simultaneously participated. Mothers participating in the couples program had larger immediate gains in employment and earnings and decreases in TANF receipt following their exit from the program relative to mothers who received employment assistance as individuals. Fathers showed similar although weaker results. These immediate benefits appeared to be driven by higher rates of program completion among couples’ participants. Couples in which both partners completed the program experienced the largest quarterly earnings gains, and couples with greater earnings’ gains were more likely to still be together one year after the program ended. Mothers’ earnings gains eroded in the two years following program completion and many reported new pregnancies and problems with child care. We suggest directions for future programs and encourage future studies to consider the range of mechanisms associated with a couples focus, including potential motivational benefits and unintended consequences.

中国传统社会救济与城市贫困人口社会救助理念建设

中国传统社会救济是现代社会救助不可回避的历史基础 ,其救济思想源于道义性。城市居民社会救助制度是对传统社会救济的根本性改革 ,其基本原则与传统社会救济截然不同 ,即强调社会救助中政府的法定责任、公民的法定权利和对应义务的统一。然而 ,传统社会救济思想以其强大的惯性力量影响着现代社会救助理念建设 ,使其表现出一定的滞后性 ,主要为 :对政府责任和公民权利强调不够 ;对民众社会救助义务宣传不力。理念建设的滞后使部分民众和工作人员对社会救助认识模糊、混乱 ,阻碍了社会救助制度健康发展。     

抗战时期四联总处与战时盐业运输简

“七七事变”后,沿海各产盐区先后沦于敌手,大批存盐滞留盐场。为避免存盐资敌,满足战时军需民食对食盐的需求,国民政府根据当时“商疲力竭”的盐业运输实际现状,及时调整盐务运输政策,实行官商并运。抗战初期成立的国民政府最高经济与金融机构四联总处,根据战时盐业运输政策调整的实际需要,大力实施战时盐务贷款政策,利用国家各大银行的金融力量大力开展贴现与放款业务,尽力向国家所属盐运机关、盐商提供贷款。从资金方面确保战时盐业运输的顺利进行,为将沿海大批食盐抢运到内地创造了条件。伴随着战时盐业“官运”规模的扩大,四联总处提高对战时盐业运输的认识,将盐务贷款上升到关系抗战胜利的高度,对于国家所属盐务机关及各地盐运商的盐业运输贷款需求,尽量给予协助办理。历史证明,四联总处所实施的战时盐务贷款,在促进战时盐业运输,满足大后方军民食盐需求等方面起了重要作用,有助于战时食盐的抢运与运销。从而支持了抗战的胜利。     

解决农民贷款难的问题的对策与思考

深化农村金融改革过程中阶段性、结构性矛盾是农民贷款难现象产生的原因之一.农村信用环境和农业生产的风险性问题是产生农民贷款难现象的社会因素.改善农村金融服务,强化农业保险制度,加快和推进农村金融机构及结构的功能定位和调整;发展民间金融机构是解决农民贷款难的主要措施.     

地方政府以商业保险协同社会救助机制研究

面对社会救助领域依然存在的各种风险，一些地方政府越来越多地采取购买商业保险的形式来协助救助对象予以应对，在大病医疗及护理、自然灾害、意外伤害等领域，商业保险较多介入到社会救助之中。文章在阐述商业保险介入社会救助现状的基础上，对此进行了理论和实践分析，认为目前的社会救助领域依然存在政府独自承担而财政负担沉重的问题，问题的化解应形成政企合作、政社合作多元参与的社会救助机制。      

Social assistance in China and Sweden: how policy intentions are translated into local practices

This article compares social assistance policies in China and Sweden, with a special focus on the means of translating policy intentions into local practices. Unlike China, Sweden has laws regulating social assistance, which is intended to ensure a ‘reasonable standard of living’. Though considered a legal right, assistance is Sweden is means-tested. While social assistance claims are dealt with by the welfare bureaucracy in Sweden, in China the process of application involves the input of cadres, administrative officials from different levels of government, and neighbours. The challenges facing Sweden are to find ways to cope with long-term social assistance and to help recipients find work. The challenges facing China are to establish a social assistance law and standardized management procedures, and to incorporate the resources of social work.     

Chapter 2: The Business Case for the Integration of Employee Assistance,Work-Life and Wellness Services

SUMMARY

Employee assistance programs (EAP), work-life programs and wellness programs are three commonly provided kinds of interventions that have the goals of reducing healthcare costs, improving employee performance and fostering a healthier workplace culture. The integration of these kinds of programs is a recent trend that has the potential to offer additional synergistic benefits. New studies have linked comprehensive delivery services that support human capital needs with bottom-line financial success of the company. This evidence can be used to make the business case for offering EAP, work-life and wellness services in an integrated capacity. However, while promising, the scientific evidence thus far in this area has methodological limitations and there are critical aspects that require further study.     

Workplace Crisis Intervention

Summary

The workplace, where adults spend about one-third of their lives, would seem an ideal place from which to promote health and respond to crisis. This paper employs a systematic statistical review of experimental and quasi-experimental research on workplace-based crisis intervention programs. Nine studies were identified that met inclusion criteria for further analysis. Results suggest that the workplace can be a useful platform from which to provide crisis intervention programs.