财政公决问题研究

财政公决作为全民公决的一种类型,是一国财政民主化运行的重要体现。它主要包括财政法律公决、财政政策公决、国际财政问题公决;对财政公决尽管有不少质疑声音,但它有自身的存在价值,并以瑞士模式和美国模式为代表。中国国情与美国和瑞士都存在较大差异,改革开放以来的增量民主经验表明,财政公决应遵循渐进原则,不可冒进,同时在经济特区试点更容易取得成功。建议在经济特区可先推行原则创制和任意性复决。     

浅谈如何培养小学生的英语学习兴趣

教育专家认为,小学生处于学习第二语言的关键时期。在这个时期学习英语,学生没有太多负担,能够极大地激发积极性,而小学英语教师要做的,应当是创造一个轻松愉快的英语学习环境,走入孩子的内心世界,激发他们的学习主动性和积极性,坚持生动活泼、寓教于乐的教学原则,采用情景式和体验式的教学方式,注重对学生的开放的评价,让他们有效地习得英语。     

马克思主义中国化的历史主体及其结构层次

人民群众是历史的创造者,也是马克思主义中国化历史的创造者,以人民群众为核心的“现实的人”事实上构成了马克思主义中国化的历史主体;马克思主义中国化的历史主体内在地包括了历史认识主体、历史创造主体以及历史评价主体,它们之间有着极为复杂的结构性关联,构成了一个内含丰富的图谱序列。     

体育教学中学生主体参与缺失之审视

近年来,在体育教学中如何发挥学生的主体作用已成为体育教育研究者和工作者普遍探讨的问题。文章通过实际调查、文献资料等方法,首先对体育教学学生主体参与缺失的原因作出了分析,然后针对这些原因,提出了相关的对策,为实现学生体育课堂学习的主体性,及学生的和谐发展提供了一定的依据。     

自贸协定对中国和“一带一路”沿线国家福利影响的实证研究

自“一带一路”倡议提出以来,越来越多的国家参与到“一带一路”的合作与建设中来,而自由贸易协定可以促进国家间的贸易合作,消除或减少贸易壁垒,促进国家社会居民福利。为了定量化测算自由贸易协定给中国以及其他国家带来的贸易和福利影响,采用基于李嘉图比较优势、Eaton Kortum国际贸易模型和部门间投入产出表的Caliendo Parro模型,构建了包括43国家40个部门的国际贸易模型,利用模型中的福利计算公式,计算了中国在2005～2011年期间签订的自贸协定的福利和进出口效应,模拟计算了关税为零后给中国和“一带一路”沿线国家带来的福利变化和进出口贸易效应。测算表明:关税为零后促进了“一带一路”沿线国家和欧盟国家的福利,“一带一路”沿线29国平均增加0.86%、欧盟17国增加达0.72%;促进了中国进出口的增长,如中国对韩国出口增长幅度达128.00%、中国从斯洛伐克的进口增长达140.20%。测算还表明,对于已经和中国签订并执行自贸协定的国家,关税进一步降为零后它们的福利增加和进出口影响不大,如秘鲁福利增加0.06%、智利福利增加0.03%;进出口方面,中国从新西兰的进口将增加24.00%,中国对秘鲁的出口将增加53.8%。测算结果表明:中国应该坚持多边主义和国际贸易自由化,与更多的“一带一路”沿线国家签订自贸协定,利用与“一带一路”沿线国家的自贸区应对中美贸易摩擦,并探索对现代新型自由贸易协定的规则制定和监管措施。     

Crafting Child‐friendly Cities: Evidence from Biratnagar Sub‐metropolitan City,Eastern Nepal

Our cities are increasingly becoming the sites where children socialize, observe, and learn how society functions and many local and global activities have impacted children's health and well‐being. The Child‐friendly Cities initiative, launched by the United Nations Children's Fund and the United Nations Human Settlements Programme in 1996, draws in diverse stakeholders to place children at the center of the urban agenda. Based on social work research, this article analyzes the acclaimed status of Biratnagar Sub‐metropolitan city, Eastern Nepal, as a child‐friendly city. Despite its efforts, the city of Biratnagar is yet to meet the required criteria to claim itself as a child‐friendly city. Further improvements by the city administration in achieving children's participation in decision‐making, child‐friendly legal environment, and code of conduct are essential. Based on the evidence, the authors advocate for bottom‐up approaches that include children's voices and their real participation in city governance and a strong political will to craft child‐friendly cities, not as a policy rhetoric but for real. Enabling children to fulfill their potential as equal participants in crafting child‐friendly cities will require adults to relinquish some of their hegemonic powers of decision‐making on behalf of children.     

英语专业综合英语课程学生自主授课模式研究

自主授课模式能够很好地调动学生的学习积极性和主动性,培养学生自主学习的能力,以及更好的促进学生和老师之间的交流。     

邓小平关于尊重农民首创精神的理论与实践

邓小平对尊重农民首创精神一贯予以高度重视,他就此进行的理论阐述与实践做法主要在于:确立农民的主体地位,是尊重农民首创精神的前提条件;支持农民的三大创举,是尊重农民首创精神的集中体现;保护农民的自主权,是尊重农民首创精神的基本保障;维护农民的切身利益,是尊重农民首创精神的根本途径。重温邓小平关于尊重农民首创精神的理论与实践,对于推进新农村建设大有裨益。     

合作学习理论在植物生理学实验教学中的运用

合作学习是以认知理论和动机理论为基础,在教学过程中以学习小组为组织形式,教师与学生彼此通过协调的活动,共同完成学习任务,并以小组总体表现为主要奖励依据的一种学习方式和教学策略。通过合作学习理论分析发现,植物生理学实验教学存在与理论教学联系不紧密,理论知识与实验能力相割裂;教学内容设计缺乏科学性,学生处于被动学习地位;教学过程师生缺乏互动,教学方法不利于学生掌握实验技能等问题,建议合理划分实验小组、增加小组成绩的评分方法,从而激发学生的学习积极性,提高学生的综合能力,并且能够推动教师启发式教学和综合性实验等教学改革的实施。     

Social Work Education in Mainland China: Development and Issues

The present paper gives an overview of the current trend of social work education in Mainland China, a fast-expanding academic subject of higher education in Mainland China during the last 20 years. This rapid development was brought about by the increasing recognition of the use of social work knowledge in tackling some of the social problems arising from the social and economic changes induced by the open door policy of China. New initiatives were undertaken by government departments, academic institutes and service providers, to explore possible reform of service delivery models in serving the elderly, children and youth, women and other vulnerable groups. It thus creates demands for personnel with new skills and knowledge. It has also led to the promulgation of government policies in 2006, in establishing a strong work force of social work, by setting up an accreditation system for social work as a vocation, making available funding for service development and setting up of NGOs. This paper also highlights some of the imminent issues that cause concern, such as the search for a theoretical model of social training and practices suitable for Chinese society, standardization of curriculum design, teaching and learning, consolidation of accreditation examination and career structure, and creation of a working environment conducive to the professionalization of social work in terms of motivating and retaining social work graduates to stay in the service sector.