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101.
我国宪法赋予了公民用自己的民族语言文字参加诉讼的权利,目的在于实现民族平等、促进民族团结、禁止民族分裂、保护中华民族语言文化的多样性,进而提高我国的文化软实力。通过调查民族语言文字诉讼司法实务,发现当前存在着少数民族语言文字诉讼程序混乱、不符合诉讼原理等问题,不利于民族语言文字诉讼权利的实现。究其原因,在于该诉讼制度缺乏程序保障。为了确保民族语言文字诉讼权利的有效实现,应设立“民汉双语诉讼规则”,以为司法机关提供统一的操作规范。民汉双语诉讼规则应该明确民汉双语诉讼的概念、类型以及民族语言文字诉讼权利的内容,并且根据不同诉讼类型有针对性地设置审判语言与诉讼语言的适用规则。  相似文献   
102.
人是生活在秩序维度的,人的生命的价值,尤其是劳动力的价值,与处于不同秩序维度有关系。公共慈善也是如此。它有原始秩序的维度,也有扩展秩序的维度,在不同的维度里,有不同的价值。从特朗普家族慈善基金会的命运,可以见出慈善和慈善组织涉及到的不同维度秩序的冲突。更好地发展慈善和慈善组织,需要解决冲突,在不同的秩序维度里,处理好各个方面的关系。  相似文献   
103.
Mainstream conceptualizations of ‘ethical consumption’ equate the notion with conscious, individual, market‐mediated choices motivated by ethical or political aims that transcend ordinary concerns. Drawing on recent sociology and anthropology of consumption literature on the links between ordinary ethics and ethical consumption, this article discusses some of the limitations of this conceptualization. Using data from 32 focus groups conducted in Chile and Brazil, we propose a conceptualization of ethical consumption that does not centre on individual, market‐mediated choices but understands it at the level of practical outcomes, which we refer to as different forms of ‘ethical living’. To do that, we argue, we need to depart from the deontological understanding of ethics that underpins mainstream approaches to ethical consumption and adopt a more consequentialist view focusing on ethical outcomes. We develop these points through describing one particular ordinary moral regime that seemed to be predominant in participants’ accounts of ethics and consumption in both Chile and Brazil: one that links consumption and ethics through care. We show that the moral regime of care leads to ‘ethical outcomes’, such as energy saving or limiting overconsumption, yet contrary to the mainstream view of ethical consumption emphasizing politicized choice expressed through markets, these result from following ordinary ethics, often through routines of practices.  相似文献   
104.
作为研究和处理复杂系统和行为的工具,复杂性科学为企业成长研究提供了新的起点。从复杂性科学的背景出发,总结了目前企业成长研究的基本共识、内容体系,并为企业管理与决策实践提供指导。  相似文献   
105.
The present study examined people’s expectations of how incidental emotions could shape others’ reciprocity in trusting situations, whether these expectations affect people’s own behavior, and how accurate these expectations are. Study 1 explored people’s beliefs about the effects of different incidental emotions on another person’s trustworthiness in general. In Studies 2 and 3, senders in trust games faced angry, guilty, grateful, or emotionally neutral responders. Participants who were told about their counterpart’s emotional state acted consistently with their beliefs about how these emotions would affect the other’s trustworthiness. These beliefs were not always correct, however. There were significant deviations between the expected behavior of angry responders and such responders’ actual behavior. These findings raise the possibility that one player’s knowledge of the other’s emotional state may lead to action choices that yield poor outcomes for both players.  相似文献   
106.
Summary. In England, so-called 'league tables' based on examination results and test scores are published annually, ostensibly to inform parental choice of secondary schools. A crucial limitation of these tables is that the most recent published information is based on the current performance of a cohort of pupils who entered secondary schools several years earlier, whereas for choosing a school it is the future performance of the current cohort that is of interest. We show that there is substantial uncertainty in predicting such future performance and that incorporating this uncertainty leads to a situation where only a handful of schools' future performances can be separated from both the overall mean and from one another with an acceptable degree of precision. This suggests that school league tables, including value-added tables, have very little to offer as guides to school choice.  相似文献   
107.
凯恩斯的宏观经济理论既不涉及现实的政治维度,也不关注微观经济层面的资源配置效率问题,这样的理论应用于现实的结果很可能是弊大于利。作为应用凯恩斯理论的总需求管理思想的产物,中国4万亿的经济刺激计划在政治层面难以避免寻租和腐败、政治权力固化等问题,在经济层面有可能导致资源配置的扭曲。虽然政府出台了各种监管措施以预防这种可能出现的弊病,但经验和理论都告诉我们这些措施的有效性是有限的。  相似文献   
108.
达尔文进化论不仅确立了重要的生态原则,而且这些原则具有十分丰富的科学意义。深入阐发达尔文进化论生态意义,有助于我们深化对人与自然的关系、人类在自然进化中的位置、人类文明发展与生态建设的关系等问题的认识。  相似文献   
109.
人生转折的临界点--母题数字"十三"与藏族成年礼   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
数字“十三”在藏族早期文化中的大量出现,其背后具有深层的文化精神作支撑。文章从藏族“十三”的一系列民俗思想中发现,“十三”是人生重要转折时期———成年礼的临界点。这种成年礼习俗在周边民族中依然存在。  相似文献   
110.
We consider assortment problems under a mixture of multinomial logit models. There is a fixed revenue associated with each product. There are multiple customer types. Customers of different types choose according to different multinomial logit models whose parameters depend on the type of the customer. The goal is to find a set of products to offer so as to maximize the expected revenue obtained over all customer types. This assortment problem under the multinomial logit model with multiple customer types is NP‐complete. Although there are heuristics to find good assortments, it is difficult to verify the optimality gap of the heuristics. In this study, motivated by the difficulty of finding optimal solutions and verifying the optimality gap of heuristics, we develop an approach to construct an upper bound on the optimal expected revenue. Our approach can quickly provide upper bounds and these upper bounds can be quite tight. In our computational experiments, over a large set of randomly generated problem instances, the upper bounds provided by our approach deviate from the optimal expected revenues by 0.15% on average and by less than one percent in the worst case. By using our upper bounds, we are able to verify the optimality gaps of a greedy heuristic accurately, even when optimal solutions are not available.  相似文献   
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