Adaptation of the short version of the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-12) into Spanish / Adaptación al español de la versión reducida del Cuestionario de Capital Psicológico (PCQ-12)

Psychological capital (PsyCap) has been a topic of increasing interest in the last decade. However, there is a lack of validated instruments in Spanish to map PsyCap and its consequences for individuals’ well-being. Consequently, the goal of this study is to adapt the 12-item short version of the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-12) to the Spanish context by analysing its internal consistency and reliability, factor solution and external validity. Results indicated that the PCQ-12 exhibited good Cronbach’s alpha (.87) and omega coefficient (.93) values in a sample from a vehicle inspection company (n = 798). As expected, results also revealed that a second-order factor structure provided the best fit. Moreover, PsyCap is associated with increased job engagement (β = .579; R²_adjusted = .333), decreased job burnout (β = ?.409; R²_adjusted = .166), and lower psychological distress (β = ?.349; R²_adjusted = .121) (all p < .01), which provided additional support for using the PCQ-12 in the Spanish context. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.     

Exploring Home Sharing for Elders

Research suggests that third party-arranged home sharing (“TPAHS”) enables elders to remain at home in advanced age by connecting elder home owners with suitable live-in “matches.” TPAHS potentially saves elders, their families, and Medicaid budgets millions of a dollars per year in avoided and postponed nursing home costs. In interviews with elder TPAHS participants of one TPAHS program, we found that similarity in values, ability to utilize the TPAHS organization's guidance, and, when relevant, familiarity with their matches' mental health challenges, correlated with said participants' satisfaction with their matches while a lack of these qualities correlated with match dissatisfaction. With these findings in mind, we suggest strategies TPAHS organizations can use to best serve the elderly TPAHS participants who may benefit from intensified match support but may not seek it.     

‘There’s a lot of places I’d like to go and things I’d like to do’: the daily living experiences of adults with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities during a time of personalised social care reform in the United Kingdom

Adult social care services in the United Kingdom have undergone a period of transformation over recent years, characterised by a drive towards personalised care. Concurrently, social care budgets have been significantly reduced. This study aimed to explore the daily living experiences of adults with mild/moderate intellectual disabilities, who are at risk of no longer meeting eligibility criteria for statutory support. Focus group discussions, which included both people with intellectual disabilities and support workers, were analysed thematically. Two broad themes are presented: independence and agency; and social capital and well-being. While some participants echoed ideas central to the personalisation narrative, a number of contextual barriers to achieving greater independence and agency were discussed. Moreover, greater independence was not a desired goal for all participants. The findings highlight the potential mismatch between personalised social care, as delivered within significant budget constraints, and the needs of adults with intellectual disabilities.     

知识主体的突进与退隐:从笛卡尔到福柯

在西方哲学的知识论传统中,哲学家们倾向于把主体和客体理解为他们各自规范的知识观念所要求的必要功能。在古代哲学家们的思想中,自然和客体知识的可能性问题受到主要讨论,但没有明确地思考主体问题。近现代主体观的兴起所依赖的个体观念只是在后来的基督教思想中才进入哲学传统。以个体观念为先决条件的个体责任的观念已然现身于奥古斯丁的著作中。奥古斯丁对自我的直接诉求,天才般地开启了笛卡尔的"我思"观念的源头。由此形成的笛卡尔的知识主体,是一个抽象的认识论的假定,一个消极的旁观者。康德有限度地追随了笛卡尔的主体观念,但把笛卡尔的作为消极的旁观者的主体改造成了积极的行动者。康德在知识观上的这种"哥白尼式的"革命,构成了随后德国唯心主义主体观的基础。整体上看,康德之后的主体观存在着一种越来越向笛卡尔的主体观和古希腊的主体观隐退的明显倾向,及至海德格尔后期和后结构主义,这种倾向最终导致了向古希腊知识主体的全面回归。     

原因自由行为的基本问题探讨

原因自由行为是行为人因故意或过失而使自己陷于无责任能力或限制责任能力状态,且在此状态里导致某一犯罪构 成客观方面实现的行为。其可罚性在于它是“同时存在原则”的一种例外。主观方面可以是故意也可以是过失。     

百年学术名家留给我们的精神财富

《世纪学人 ,百年影像》共收录当代对社会科学做出突出贡献的老一辈科学家 2 62人 ,分析他们的研究领域和籍贯 ,能够发现 2 0世纪学术发展的领头羊以及学术中心之所在。而他们对各自学科的精辟认识和表述 ,尤其在做人、治学方面的真知灼见 ,则为我们留下了巨大的精神财富。他们强调做人是第一位的 ,认为真诚是沟通做人与治学的桥梁 ,是实现做人与治学两位一体的契合点。甘于寂寞、处心一志、好学深思、勤于耕耘、谦虚向上 ,是他们事业成功的主要因素 ,同时又是做人治学的重要体现。他们在耄耋之年 ,不辞辛劳 ,勤奋工作 ,甘为人梯 ,不知老之将至 ,表现了作为优秀知识分子特有的爱国奉献、奋发向上的精神     

法与非政治公共领域制度间博弈对社会结构之影响

本文是在《中国社会结构变迁与转型的动因探索:通过社会行动的法与非政治公共领域的关系解读》一文的基础上所做的更进一步的研究,仍以非政治公共领域的主体行动为支点,在非政治公共领域的制度与法律之间搭建桥梁,并通过主体行动实践在这几者要素之间的博弈分析,揭示非政治公共领域主体是如何通过行动实践促使社会结构变迁和转型的,从而进一步探索中国社会结构变迁与转型之潜在动因,并试图对社会行动理论做更深入的诠释和研究。     

陕西高等教育发展的态势、挑战及其对策

为了探讨陕西省高等教育发展的现状,采用文献分析及数量统计分析方法,对影响陕西高等教育发展的相关因素如毛入学率、经费投入、学科结构、学校布局等诸多问题进行剖析,研究表明:陕西省应当从发展地方经济、调整高校学科结构、加大高等教育的政府投入、大力发展职业技术教育等方面采取措施,解决高等教育发展所面临的问题。     

探索文明的进路——西方媒介社会学的历史、现状与趋势

为更好地讨论和发展媒介社会学,赋予其更广阔的理论与实践内涵,文章为媒介社会学划定了一个大致的学科领域范围。并在此基础上梳理了西方媒介社会学的理论渊源和十大理论成果,认为媒介社会学的发展应该超越单纯的传播学分支学科概念,成为理解传播现象和推进社会理论的潜在范式。同时指出,对于媒介符号充斥的现代社会中人的生存状态以及社会组织方式的研究是媒介社会学的关注焦点,也引领着其未来发展趋势。     

迎接第七个辉煌时代

中华民族历史上已经历了六个辉煌时代并进入第七个辉煌时代。这些辉煌时代凝练出中华民族的伟大创造精神。这种伟大的民族精神应当成为民族学科自主创新研究的强大动力和超越性发展的不竭源泉。