论国有环境资源损害的民事救济

国有环境资源作为国有资产的一种,当其受到污染破坏时,国家往往采取行政手段进行救济,民事救济手段被忽略。但是,行政手段不可能对国有环境资源提供完整的保护,民事救济是不可或缺的。为此,有必要深入探讨国有环境资源损害民事赔偿中的各种现实问题。     

从执行主体角度探寻政策执行失真的原因

政策在执行过程中存在着"有令不行、有禁不止","上有政策,下有对策"等严重妨碍政策目标有效实现的不良情形.公共选择理论认为,把作为微观经济分析出发点的个人作为集体行为的出发点,将个人的选择或决策当作公共选择或集体决策的基础.从个体的角度看,政策执行主体的素质缺陷、信息垄断和利益追求导致了政策执行失真.     

论高校国防教育的学科定位

随着教育自身的发展和国际局势的变化,高校国防教育呈现出新的时代特色和学科特点,表现为:全球性的视角、多功能的互补和多学科的渗透。高校国防教育处在众多学科的交叉点上,从共性中突出个性,从普遍性中寻找特殊性,是确立学科定位的基本原则。依照主体性原则,高校国防教育应以高校为主体;其次,国防是国防教育的出发点和落脚点,是目的和归宿,因此高校国防教育应以国防为本位;再次,任何领域的教育现象最终都要落实到育人上来,因此,育人是高校国防教育的基础。     

教育过程主客体关系研究——基于不同视角的回顾与探析

从教育学、历史学、哲学、社会学和心理学等视角,简要地对教育过程主客体关系进行了反思,认为哲学中的主客体概念在研究教育过程诸要素关系中的简单移植,研究方法、研究视角和构成要素在认识上的不统一,是引发争论的主要原因。     

Living Arrangements and Quality of Life Among Chinese Canadian Elders

This paper examines the role of living arrangements in thequality of life of community-dwelling Chinese elders (aged 65 andover) currently residing in Vancouver and Victoria, BritishColumbia. Data are based on a random sample of 830 persons[response rate = 71.5%], who were interviewed in their homes inthe language of their choice in 1995–96. Three dimensions ofquality of life – satisfaction, well-being and social support –are examined for married men and women [living with spouse alonevs. living intergenerationally] and widowed women [living alonevs. living intergenerationally]. Few differences are found formarried persons, especially women; for widows, living alonesignificantly reduces quality of life in a number of areas.Regression analyses indicate that living arrangements are not asignificant predictor of life satisfaction or well-being formarried men and women. For widows, living arrangements determinewell-being but not life satisfaction.Overall, age, health status, and social support (havingfriends/confidante) are better predictors of quality of life forelderly Chinese Canadians than are living arrangements. Findingshighlight the importance of: empirically distinguishing maritalstatus and living arrangements in studying the quality of life ofelders; not homogenizing Chinese Canadian seniors with regard toliving arrangements; and focussing on Chinese elderly widows wholive alone as a group at risk of low well-being.     

权力观念的历史变迁

人类文明由传统社会发展到现代社会的过程中,人们对政治权力的认知与态度实现了以下四种转化;（1）从统治型权力观到服务型权力观;（2）从单向性权力观到双向性权力观;（3）从全能权力观到有限权力观;（4）从强制性权力观到说服性权力观。     

Competitive compensation and subjective well-being: The effect of culture and gender

This paper uses a controlled experiment to investigate how subjects exposed to competition in the workplace react in terms of well-being, and how this translates into productivity. The experiment was performed in Korea, a country with an interdependent culture, and France, a country with an independent culture. Exposure to the tournament slightly improves well-being in the Korean sample and decreases it in France. This different response is driven primarily by the opposite response of female subjects, with Korean women liking and French women disliking to compete. Finally, an improvement in well-being is associated with ex-post higher productivity in France, and this positive effect is most salient in the French male population; in Korea, a similar positive effect can be observed only in the female population.     

Macro-conditions and immigrants' happiness: Is moving to a wealthy country all that matters?

Migrants look for a better life. In what kind of country will they live happiest? Many migrants aspire to move to wealthy countries, but non-economic factors might be important as well in making a country livable for migrants. This issue is addressed here by examining the impact of macroeconomic conditions and non-economic macro-conditions (good governance and a pleasant social climate) on immigrants' happiness in twenty European nations. We find that immigrants' happiness depends both on economic and non-economic macro-conditions. The social climate is especially important, particularly in terms of a positive attitude in society towards migrants. Our findings imply that the choice of destination country matters for migrants’ happiness and that the discrepancy between migration motives and migration outcomes may constrain immigrants from maximizing subjective gains via migration.     

Is High Sexual Desire a Risk for Women’s Relationship and Sexual Well-Being?

Historically, women’s sexual desire has been deemed socially problematic. The growing popularity of the concept of hypersexuality—which lists high sexual desire among its core components—poses a risk of re-pathologizing female sexual desire. Data from a 2014 online survey of 2,599 Croatian women aged 18–60 years was used to examine whether high sexual desire is detrimental to women’s relationship and sexual well-being. Based on the highest scores on an indicator of sexual desire, 178 women were classified in the high sexual desire (HSD) group; women who scored higher than one standard deviation above the Hypersexual Disorder Screening Inventory mean were categorized in the hypersexuality (HYP) group (n = 239). Fifty-seven women met the classification criteria for both groups (HYP&HSD). Compared to other groups, the HSD was the most sexually active group. Compared to controls, the HYP and HYP&HSD groups—but not the HSD group—reported significantly more negative consequences associated with their sexuality. Compared to the HYP group, women with HSD reported better sexual function, higher sexual satisfaction, and lower odds of negative behavioral consequences. The findings suggest that, at least among women, hypersexuality should not be conflated with high sexual desire and frequent sexual activity.     

Significance of action plans in the development of occupational well-being in the schools of Finland and Estonia

This article is part of a long term project “Promoting the Occupational Well-Being of School Staff—Action Research Project in Finland and Estonia, 2009–2014.” The purpose of this article is to describe the significance of action plans in the promotion of the occupational well-being of primary and upper secondary school staff in Finland and Estonia from 2010 to the turn of the year 2011–2012. An electronic open questionnaire was sent to occupational well-being groups in Finland (N = 18) and in Estonia (N = 39). In Finland, the questionnaire was responded to by 16 (n = 16) occupational well-being groups, and in Estonia, by 38 (n = 38) groups. The qualitative data were analyzed using the inductive-deductive method and content analysis. The obtained results indicate that the schools had named goals for action plans in all aspects of the promotion of occupational well-being in schools (worker and work, working conditions, professional competence, working community) and that these goals were mainly realized in the schools in a systematic way. Schools felt that the action plan for occupational well-being helped them to set goals for occupational well-being and that the planned actions were realized in a more systematic way than before.