宇宙生成论、绘画起源论、主体创造论的同一说--关于石涛"一画论"的美学思想

石涛试图以哲学的高度,把他对绘画的全部认识贯通起来.他以"一"这个道家特殊的哲学概念替代了以往画论中的"道".这是介于"道"与"万物"之间的一个概念.一方面,它有"道"的生成意义;另一方面,又是物自体."一画"是人类依据于自然的创造,它打破了自然的原始状态,铭刻上人的意志.石涛在继承中国哲学关于宇宙起源、艺术起源学说基础之上,又强调了艺术家主体创造的因素.以此冲破因袭的成法,创造出一个"我法".所以石涛认为,受先于识,要把握一画之法,就要强调艺术家自身对自然的感受,固守成法必然导致自我感受的丧失,惟有不受任何概念束缚的"一画"才能真实地表现自然,也表现自我.     

中国近代的主体意识学说

中国近代的主体意识学说是在中国早期启蒙思想的基础上 ,吸收西方主体意识学说 ,并与之交融、碰撞的产物。主体意识学说构架有三个组成部分 ,即利益观、权利观、平等观。主体意识学说顺应近代中国社会由农业文明向工业文明的转化 ,符合历史发展的潮流 ;但由于中国民族资本发展的迟滞、缓慢 ,使主体意识学说向纵深的发展不够 ,同时 ,该学说还存在一些封建糟粕     

网络思想教育的内质规定与表现特征

在网络思想教育中 ,应明确教育者主体地位与受众客体地位的内质规定及其表现特征。这对于积极推进思想政治工作进网络 ,更好地加强网络思想教育具有现实意义。     

论生产力的内在矛盾运动及其历史演变

生产力系统自我运动最深刻的源泉来自自身内在的矛盾运动,即主体的需要以及不断发展着的需要与客体不能完全满足主体需要的矛盾和人的天然器官功能的有限性与生产力发展要求的无限性的矛盾运动,推动了生产力由低级向高级的不断发展。     

增加居民收入的主观能动性思考

历史地看,居民受教育程度、劳动素质和技能的整体提高,以及劳动收入占比偏低的现实,使增加居民收入具有可能。从合法视角考察,居民收入初始差距源自劳动差异形成的劳动收入,决定性差距源自劳动积累节余资本化形成的经营性和财产性收入。这表明,劳动者只有不断提高自身劳动素质和技能以及理财能力,才能可持续性地增加收入。从主观能动性角度思考,为可持续性地增加收入,居民应努力争取就业、积极自主创业、积极投资理财。     

Applying the international wellbeing index to investigate subjective wellbeing of New Zealanders with European and with Maori heritage

Abstract

The International Wellbeing Index (IWI), a global measure for investigating subjective wellbeing, consists of a Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI) and a National Wellbeing Index (NWI). The index is applied to the two largest ethnic populations in New Zealand—New Zealanders with European heritage and New Zealanders with Maori heritage. Psychometric characteristics of the IWI for both subsamples compare favourably to those found in other countries. However, for both subsamples, the absolute value of reported subjective wellbeing is lower than expected. Consistent with other social indicators, New Zealanders with Maori heritage show even lower values of PWI and NWI than New Zealanders with European heritage.     

从劳动正义看劳动幸福———兼与何云峰先生商榷

幸福是人们的根本追求,劳动是人的类本质活动,劳动是基本人权,人们通过劳动实现人的类本质,得到深层次愉悦体验即为劳动幸福。劳动正义不是劳动权利而是实现劳动幸福的道义基础。劳动主体正义是劳动幸福的实质所在。劳动主体正义实质是劳动对社会主体的有用性超过有害性。生产资料正义是劳动幸福的客体正义。国民是国土等自然资源的共同所有者,劳动生产而成的生产资料应归生产者共有。劳动动机正义是劳动幸福的深层动因。实现劳动幸福应成为人们进行劳动的根本动因。劳动过程正义是劳动幸福的关键环节,确保劳动过程正义的根本要求是充分保障劳动权利。     

Profession and Workplace Expectations of Social Workers: Implications for Social Worker Subjective Well-Being

The expectations people have of social workers, and those that social workers hold of themselves, can negatively affect social worker's perceived well-being, via work stress and strain and other negative workplace experiences. This qualitative research presents findings that help to better understand what aspects of these expectations have the greatest impact on the well-being of a sample (n = 19) of social workers with reported low levels of workplace and profession satisfaction. Our data support a conceptual framework of social worker's expectations that relate to outcomes of practice, social worker roles, the perceived functioning by other health-related professionals, conflict in direct practice with social worker identity and having to work in adverse situations, as all contributing to the well-being of social workers. Findings are discussed in relation to social work practice and the role and function of professional associations and educational programmes in addressing these issues that emerge in practice.     

What’s New? What’s Normal?1

This article is a response to Amitai Etzioni’s article, “The New Normal,” published in this issue.     

A formulation of the concept of probability based on the use of experimental devices

This paper sets out to identify the abilities that a person needs to be able to successfully use an experimental device, such as a probability wheel or balls in an urn, for the elicitation of subjective probabilities. It is assumed that the successful use of the device requires that the person elicits unique probability values that obey the standard probability laws. This leads to a definition of probability based on the idea of the similarity between the likeliness of events and this concept is naturally extended to the idea that probabilities have strengths, which relates to information about the likeliness of an event that lies beyond a simple probability value. The latter notion is applied to the problem of explaining the Ellsberg paradox. To avoid the definition of probability being circular, probabilities are defined such that they depend on the choice of a reference set of events R which, in simple cases, corresponds to the raw outcomes produced by using an experimental device. However, it is shown that even when the events in R are considered as having an “equal chance” of occurring, the values and/or strengths of probabilities can still be affected by the choice of the set R.