初中生学习主观幸福感的结构研究

为了考密初中生学习主观幸福感的特点并比较不同学习成绩评价初中生学习主观幸福感的差异,同时为丰富学校教育评价体系提供实证性支持,本研究在文献梳理﹑理论构建和问卷调查的基础上,以529名初中生为被试,探讨了初中生学习主观幸福感的结构。探索性因子分析结果表明,初中生学习主观幸福感由现有成绩感受﹑学习体验﹑环境激励﹑希望学习成绩等四个因素构成。可见,本研究所编制的《初中生学习主观幸福感量表》在总问卷及各因子上的信﹑效度均良好,可以作为初中生学习主观幸福感的评估工具。     

Measuring Inequity Aversion in a Heterogeneous Population Using Experimental Decisions and Subjective Probabilities

We combine choice data in the ultimatum game with the expectations of proposers elicited by subjective probability questions to estimate a structural model of decision making under uncertainty. The model, estimated using a large representative sample of subjects from the Dutch population, allows both nonlinear preferences for equity and expectations to vary across socioeconomic groups. Our results indicate that inequity aversion to one's own disadvantage is an increasing and concave function of the payoff difference. We also find considerable heterogeneity in the population. Young and highly educated subjects have lower aversion for inequity than other groups. Moreover, the model that uses subjective data on expectations generates much better in‐ and out‐of‐sample predictions than a model which assumes that players have rational expectations.     

The Impact of Internet Use on Residents’ Subjective Well-Being: An Empirical Analysis Based on National Data

Internet use has become an indispensable part of people’s daily lives, and the relationship between Internet use and residents’ subjective well-being is receiving increasing attention from researchers. However, the existing literature on the relationship between Internet use and residents’ subjective well-being is still controversial and inconclusive, and there has been relatively little discussion of the mechanisms by which Internet use affects well-being. On the basis of data from the China General Social Survey 2015 (CGSS2015), this paper provides an empirical analysis of the impact of Internet usage on residents’ subjective well-being. The study finds that while Internet use had no significant impact on the well-being of residents compared to non-use, frequency of Internet usage did significantly improve subjective well-being. On this basis, we tested the mechanisms by which Internet use affects residents’ well-being through the three channels of the personal income effect, the human capital effect and the social capital effect. The findings partially verify the hypothesis of the mediating effect of social capital between Internet use and residents’ subjective well- being, but do not verify the hypothesis of the moderating effect of personal income and human capital. Compared with previous studies, this paper is innovative in the following three ways: it uses the latest available representative national microdata, which is better able to reflect recent Internet usage and its impact on residents’ subjective well-being; on the basis of existing research on the impact of Internet usage on residents’ well-being, it analyzes the specific mechanisms through which Internet use affects well-being, using the moderating effect model and the mediating effect model to make up for the shortcomings of existing research on the impact mechanism; and it applies the Bioprobit model to deal with the potential endogeneity of key explanatory variables, using a variety of model estimation methods to obtain more robust estimation results.     

文艺复兴时期艺术视觉下的时空意识与康德的时空观

文艺复兴时期时空已经普遍作为一种认识的基础体现在艺术创作中,经典的案例就是透视法,它的作用不是为了呈现对象的客观真实性,而是为了建构符合视觉感受的主观真实性。联系康德对象符合知识的论断看,知识的产生要以感性直观为前提和手段,而感性直观的纯形式又表现为时间和空间,并存在于心灵中;康德对象符合知识的论断实际上是要求对象符合人的心灵感觉,康德这种哥白尼式的认识,显然是其将时空心灵化后必然要作出的论断。而文艺复兴的时空意识要求对象符合人的视觉感受,人们认识的对象就是一个感官经验的世界,是一个符合透视法知识的世界,一个被心灵化了的世界。这正是文艺复兴的时空意识对于康德时空观所具有的意义。     

大学生主观幸福感及其与人格特征、 社会支持的关系研究

本研究采用自我报告式的问卷法以艾森克人格问卷(简式中国版)、领悟社会支持量表、总体幸福感量表为测量工具对海南省7所高校的330名大学生进行调查以考察大学生的主观幸福感状况及其与人格特征、社会支持的关系。差异分析表明,大学生的主观幸福感总体上处于中等偏高水平且不存在显著的性别差异;在四种人格类型中,多血质的主观幸福感水平最高,抑郁质最低;且社会支持对不同人格类型的大学生主观幸福感的影响趋于一致。相关和回归分析表明,神经质性、内外向性和家庭外源性支持对主观幸福感有更强的影响力;神经质性对主观幸福感只有直接的影响,而内外向性不仅可以直接影响主观幸福感,而且可以通过家庭外源性支持对主观幸福感产生间接影响。     

主观幸福感影响因素研究新进展

梳理近年来国内外关于SWB影响因素的研究发现：在SWB的影响因素中,人格特质反映出了比在之前研究中体现出的更强的与SWB之间的相关性,在回归分析中表现了较强的预测性;在人格因素及其他因素对SWB的影响中,协方差分析中可见遗传因素显著的协方差贡献.未来研究的重点在于进一步讨论遗传因素影响人们形成人际环境和对外在环境做出反应的具体途径和方式.     

保晋公司创办的原因探析

保晋公司作为山西近代最大的民族工业企业,其创办是中国近代民族工业及山西近代区域经济史发展的客观产物.同时也缘于山西民众生存与发展、传统封建晋商谋求转型的双重内在需求.而山西争矿运动则是保晋公司创办的直接导火线.     

Religiousness/Spirituality and Subjective Well-Being Among Rural Elderly Whites,African Americans,and Native Americans

SUMMARY

Little attention has been paid to subjective well-being among non-White elderly in rural areas where medical resources and financial support are deficient. The present study assessed a rural community sample of 215 elderly comprising 85 Caucasians, 75 African Americans, and 55 Native Americans, to examine roles of spirituality/religiousness on their subjective well-being. This study found ethnic differences in the reliance on religiosity/spirituality and a significant association between dimensions of religiousness/spirituality and subjective well-being among all ethnic rural elderly groups. The results of the study suggest that health providers, social workers, and faith communities need to provide rural elderly with religious and spiritual support in order to enhance their life satisfaction and lessen their emotional distress.     

The Physical Housing Environment and Subjective Well-Being Among Older People Using Long-Term Care Services in Japan

Abstract

For older people using long-term care services, the conditions of their life-space may be critical. The relationships between the physical housing environment and aspects of health were examined among older people in Japan (aged 65+ years, N?=?1,928) by multivariable logistic regression analysis, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Lack of safety, low access to emergency assistance, low or high indoor temperature, poor sanitary conditions, and state of home disrepair were significantly associated with negative aspects of health among people with low activities of daily living (ADL) independence. Home care service providers and policymakers need to consider the importance of appropriate environmental conditions for the most vulnerable groups.     

Explaining age differences in women’s emotional well-being: The role of subjective experiences of aging

ABSTRACT

Our study examines explanations for the “paradox” of older women’s better emotional well-being compared with younger women. We consider the role of subjective experiences of aging in a society that devalues older women. Using a sample of women (n = 872) from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (1995–1996 and 2004–2006), we examine the role of five components of the subjective experience of aging in explaining older women’s better emotional well-being compared with younger women: age identity, conceptions of the timing of middle age, aging attitudes, aging anxieties, and self-assessed physiological changes. We find that, compared with women 50–54 years old, those 35–39 years old report lower positive affect, and those 25–49 report higher negative affect. These patterns are partially explained by younger women’s greater anxiety about declines in health and attractiveness and older women’s more youthful identities. Our study underscores the value of considering the implications of our ageist and sexist society for women’s emotional well-being across adulthood.