重新认识犯罪构成的主观要件

刑事立法中的"知意论"作为判断行为人主观心态的法律依据,在刑事司法操作中有唯心之嫌。刑事司法实践中应该改造因果关系近因说,吸纳美国因果关系理论中的概率标准以及犯罪主观心态分两个层次的合理因素,以客观的行为和行为结果的概然关系为依据判断犯罪心态,体现出主观要件与客观要件在判断是否构成犯罪的推理过程中之交互作用。     

Using Uncertainty Analysis to Improve Consistency in Regulatory Assessments of Criteria Pollutant Standards

Regulatory impact analyses (RIAs), required for new major federal regulations, are often criticized for not incorporating epistemic uncertainties into their quantitative estimates of benefits and costs. “Integrated uncertainty analysis,” which relies on subjective judgments about epistemic uncertainty to quantitatively combine epistemic and statistical uncertainties, is often prescribed. This article identifies an additional source for subjective judgment regarding a key epistemic uncertainty in RIAs for National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)—the regulator's degree of confidence in continuation of the relationship between pollutant concentration and health effects at varying concentration levels. An illustrative example is provided based on the 2013 decision on the NAAQS for fine particulate matter (PM_2.5). It shows how the regulator's justification for setting that NAAQS was structured around the regulator's subjective confidence in the continuation of health risks at different concentration levels, and it illustrates how such expressions of uncertainty might be directly incorporated into the risk reduction calculations used in the rule's RIA. The resulting confidence-weighted quantitative risk estimates are found to be substantially different from those in the RIA for that rule. This approach for accounting for an important source of subjective uncertainty also offers the advantage of establishing consistency between the scientific assumptions underlying RIA risk and benefit estimates and the science-based judgments developed when deciding on the relevant standards for important air pollutants such as PM_2.5.     

地方意义与游客福祉关系研究——以河北碣石山乡村旅游为例

随着地方理论的不断深化以及对个体福祉的广泛关注,地方与福祉的关系成为值得学界深入探讨的问题。在旅游中如何提升游客福祉水平,构建目的地的地方意义,对旅游的可持续发展具有重要意义。以河北昌黎碣石山为例,探讨了旅游目的地地方意义与游客福祉之间的关系,从自然生态、历史文化、休闲游憩、情感认同等多个方面的地方意义出发,探究对游客福祉包括游客身心健康、环境与安全、人际关系、知识拓展和基础设施5个维度的影响,并构建了地方意义对游客福祉影响的模型。通过研究旨在为当地旅游管理和发展提出相应建议,创造和挖掘地方意义,提高游客福祉。     

农民工经济贡献自我评价差异的影响因素研究

随着改革开放的深入，农民工对流入地的经济贡献越来越大。但就农民工个体而言，他们对经济贡献的自我评价受到各种因素的影响而存在差异。本文从农民工的流出/流入地、人力资本、经济回报、社会接纳和社会认同等五个方面入手，通过建立Logistic回归模型，探讨并分析影响农民工对流入地经济贡献自我评价的诸多因素。结果表明，除了流出/流入地对经济贡献自我评价并不显著，其余四项对经济贡献自我评价作用显著。     

进化论视野中的符号自我

本文简要介绍了近 2 0年来西方进化论观心理学家对符号自我的概念、内容及功能所作的研究。这些研究认为 ,符号自我是一种适应 ,而且由于其高度的适应性意义 ,它还是一种被选择的、仅属于人类的、具有广阔基础的能力。符号自我不仅具有适应功能 ,而且还在人的心理生活中具有重要的作用     

The Perspective of Younger People with Dementia

Abstract

This paper describes a longitudinally based discharge planning and treatment model. The model proposes to develop linkages between inpatient and community mental health providers during the early stages of hospitalization. The goal is to put the client's need first to ensure a smooth transition from the structure of the inpatient ward to the community, while maintaining continuity of care and reducing potential re-admissions to the hospital. The barriers that prevent such an adoption and implementation of such a system are discussed. Both clinical and policy issues are examined. Part 1 focuses on the background of case management and discharge planning and provides a critique of case management models (Belcher &; DeForge, 2005). Part 2 presents and describes the components of the longitudinally based discharge planning and treatment model (LDPTM) (DeForge &; Belcher, 2005).     

论差异与价值发现

差异不仅是一种秩序结构 ,而且也是一种价值现象。由于价值世界本质上是一种语言世界 ,因而价值发现与差异性原则之间具有强势的人为约定性 ,它们是在主体的自主论述中被建构起来的。价值发现遵循差异性原则 ,因为差异性始终是个体存在的绝对特征 ,差异性不仅是整体发展所需要的 ,而且是发现整体价值所需要的。迄今最大的价值发现之一──自由 ,就是源于对个体存在方式差异性的自觉     

Stability and Change of Regional Quality of life in Switzerland, 1978–1996

Data from surveys on local quality of life (QOL) in Switzerland amongthree age cohorts of a combined 87 000 recruits doing their basicmilitary training in 1978, 1987 and 1996 are used in this study in orderto answer the following questions: How stable was the QOLprofile of the whole country since 1978, and how much QOLprofiles changed since then at the four disaggregationlevels of the 26 cantons, 106 regions, 169 urban communities and 91neighborhoods or suburbs of the 7 largest urban agglomerations ofSwitzerland? At the first three disaggregation levels, most of theone-item measures used seem to be rather valid, i.e., they tended infact to generate stable as well as plausible results in unchangingsituations, or to react sensitively to “objectively” changingconditions of life. Where in public discourse QOL attributes arediffuse, i.e. where they are only loosely coupled to acertain village, town, region etc., or where the QOL profiles of smallerterritories are only based on answers of a few respondents, the strongerimpact that unknown measurement errors have under these conditions makesinterpreting the results of some single variables moredifficult. Especially at the level of cantons and regions, however, QOLprofiles defined by spatially well-focused sets of subjectiveindicators are easily interpretable and very stable. Through all threesurveys, they depict and preserve the distinctive characteristics of acanton or region remarkably well. In general, interpreting these surveyresults from the perspective of discursive social psychology proves tobe advantageous.

     

个体主体意识的彰显——试论李贺诗歌悲剧精神的独特性

李贺是中国古代诗歌史上一位风格独具的诗人,在政治腐败、战乱频繁、仕途苦闷等各种不幸的命运遭际下,他将自己的全部精力都放在了诗歌创作之中,以之作为自己的精神寄托。因此,李贺诗歌所呈现出的悲剧精神是由内而外的情感的自然流露,这和魏晋以来个体主体意识的觉醒有着直接的承继关系。正是由于李贺在诗歌中高扬个体的主体意识,使得其诗歌创作的取材和艺术表现不同于同时代的其他诗人,呈现出鲜明的个性特征,具有长远持久的生命力。     

“三困生”目标内容与自我效能感、主观幸福感的相关研究

贫困生、心理困难生和学习困难生(以下简称"三困生")的教育工作一直是高校关注的重点和难点,本文从目标内容、自我效能感、主观幸福感三个方面对484名大学生进行相关研究,探讨影响"三困生"学业、心理、行为的心理机制。结果:(1)"三困生"的目标内容与自我效能感、主观幸福感之间有着密切的关系,内部目标能正性预测自我效能感和主观幸福感,而外部目标与自我效能感、消极情绪和生活满意度存在负相关关系。(2)"三困生"的外部目标得分显著高于普通生,他们体会到更少的生活满意度和积极情绪,自我效能感也较低。(3)在外表吸引力和经济成功因子上性别差异显著,在生活满意度上,城乡差异显著。结论:"三困生"的目标内容与自我效能感、主观幸福感之间密切相关,引导"三困生"树立正确个人目标,有助于提高他们的心理健康水平和学业成就。