试论《孟子》主体性人格的培养及其现代教育启示

随着21世纪的到来,人类社会业已进入知识经济的时代。时代呼唤着人的主体性,人们也殷切期望教育能弘扬人的主体性,能生成新时代条件下的主体性人格。中国传统教育中《孟子》的道德主体性人格的教育理念和培养模式,对当今社会以占有性为特征的主体性人格的重构具有某种内在的启示意义。现时代背景下的主体性人格培养应以人内在价值体现的道德人格培养为导向,以人外在价值体现的科学理性人格的培养为主题。     

论词义的两种形态——对20世纪汉语词义学领域一些理论分歧的新审视

词义具有两种形态：客观形态与主观形态，两者存在着巨大差异。所谓词的科学意义与通俗意义，究其实质，是词义主观形态的两种表现形式。而词义的深化，实际上是只发生在词义主观形态的一种现象，用来表述词义的发展演变——词义客观形态的演变则欠妥。词义的定义，着眼的应该是词义的客观形态，而不该是词义的主观形态。词义的分析也应如此。     

浅论终身教育背景下的教师主体学习

终身教育作为一种国际教育思潮，赋予了教师教育许多新的理念和内容。在终身教育背景下，教师主体学习是教师专业成长的必然趋向，是教师走向成功的自然选择。经验性学习、问题性学习、自我导向性学习、互动性学习等是教师主体学习的有效方式。     

Men's Self-Perceived Adequacy as the Family Breadwinner: Implications for Their Psychological, Marital, and Work-Family Weil-Being

Researchers note a link between men's changing role as the family breadwinner and declines in their personal and marital well-being. To explore this link more fully, two aspects of the breadwinner role, earner status (single- [n = 50], main-[n = 46], dual-earner [n = 43]) and self-perceived adequacy as the family breadwinner, were examined. Using analysis of variance, 139 family men are compared in terms of measures of psychological, marital, and work-family well-being. Self-perceived inadequate breadwinners (n = 51) report more depression and marital conflict than adequate breadwinners (n = 88). Men in single-earner families report less work-family stress than either main- or dual-earner men. If they perceive themselves as inadequate breadwinners, time conflicts between work and family responsibilities are a concern for men in main-earner families. If they view themselves as adequate breadwinners, dual-earner men report a greater sense of work-family role overload than if they view themselves as inadequate breadwinners.     

Living in poverty: a qualitative inquiry of emaciated adolescents and young women coming from low-income families in a Chinese context

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is no longer a disease of the rich in the West. Hitherto, no study has been carried out in the West or in the Chinese context that documents the experiences of poor people suffering from AN. This qualitative study aims to identify the subjective experiences of seven Chinese emaciated adolescents and young women coming from low‐income families, their family difficulties and needs, and resilience in coping. The results of the study have shown that family poverty has significantly triggered the onset of AN for two emaciated adolescents, while factors such as parents’ marital discord and relentless pursuit of thinness have also been reported. Family difficulties experienced included problems in parenting, inadequate financial resources, and insufficient information and access to health and social services. Strong family motivation and filial piety are found to be important cultural assets conducive to recovery. Implications of this study for social work practice are discussed.     

Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis in the presence of stochastic and subjective uncertainty

Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses for systems that involve both stochastic (i.e., aleatory) and subjective (i.e., epistemic) uncertainty are discussed. In such analyses, the dependent variable is usually a complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) that arises from stochastic uncertainty; uncertainty analysis involves the determination of a distribution of CCDFs that results from subjective uncertainty, and sensitivity analysis involves the determination of the effects of subjective uncertainty in individual variables on this distribution of CCDFs. Uncertainty analysis is presented as an integration problem involving probability spaces for stochastic and subjective uncertainty. Approximation procedures for the underlying integrals are described that provide an assessment of the effects of stochastic uncertainty, an assessment of the effects of subjective uncertainty, and a basis for performing sensitivity studies. Extensive use is made of Latin hypercube sampling, importance sampling and regression-based sensitivity analysis techniques. The underlying ideas, which are initially presented in an abstract form, are central to the design and performance of real analyses. To emphasize the connection between concept and computational practice, these ideas are illustrated with an analysis involving the MACCS reactor accident consequence model a, performance assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, and a probabilistic risk assessment for a nuclear power station.     

Life satisfaction in the transition from care to adulthood: the contribution of readiness to leave care and social support

This research explores whether readiness to leave care mediates the association between social support – from peers, staff and biological parents – on the verge of leaving care and life satisfaction a year after among young people ageing out of care in Israel. The results represent two waves of a longitudinal study. Two hundred seventy‐two adolescents from residential settings in Israel completed a self‐administered questionnaire shortly before they left care, and one year later, 234 of them were interviewed to assess their life satisfaction. Readiness to leave care was found to mediate the relationship between most social support measurements and life satisfaction. At the same time, the findings also suggest that this mediating effect varies for different types of support and has a lesser amount of influence for profound emotional support than other types of support. These findings highlight the need to include both the preparation to leave care and the reinforcement of emotional support available to young people who aged out of care, before and throughout the transition from care to adulthood.     

The Role of Social Contact in the Experience of Discrimination: Implications for Subjective Health Among Marriage Migrant Women in South Korea

Several studies have found that various social contexts could serve a protective role for minorities facing discrimination. One of these contexts is frequency of social contact, which is known to be positively associated with health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency of social contact with various social groups as a protective factor against the negative association between perceived discrimination and subjective health. Using data from the 2009 Korean National Survey of Multicultural Families, a total of 27,083 marriage migrant women were analyzed via hierarchical multiple regression. After controlling for socio‐demographic factors and Korean proficiency, the experience of discrimination was found to be significantly associated with lower levels of subjective health (B = ?0.22; P < 0.001). More frequent meetings with one's family of origin (B = 0.02; P < 0.01) and in‐laws (B = 0.06; P < 0.001) were associated with higher levels of subjective health, while more frequent meetings with neighbors were negatively associated (B = ?0.02; P < 0.001). More frequent contact with one's family of origin (B = 0.03; P < 0.05), rather than with other groups, such as friends from their country of origin, in‐laws, and neighbors, seemed to reduce the negative influence of discrimination on subjective health.     

四要件视域下正当防卫出罪论

正当防卫的解释问题,被我国犯罪构成体系重构论者视为传统犯罪构成体系的重大理论缺陷,也被作为批判传统犯罪构成体系的坚实阵地。在对正当防卫出罪机制的研究过程中,现有的主观说、实质说、违法阻却事由说要么过于片面,要么缺乏科学性、逻辑不周延。在四要件犯罪构成体系的视域下,结合正当防卫的实质予以剖析,可以发现正当防卫并不符合犯罪构成的任一方面,在传统四要件的理论框架中根本不需要在犯罪构成之外去解决正当防卫的出罪困境。     

The social condition of the New Zealand people: a pre-election review of social indicator information

ABSTRACT

Many social commentators have considered that alongside the fiscal transparency enjoined by contemporary New Zealand governments, there should be a complementary social responsibility reporting. This task is usually assigned to social indicator frameworks. However, at present (as the 2017 election looms) there is a faltering in the provision of social indicators which have been in place in New Zealand for almost two decades, with the exception of the recent 2016 survey data from Statistics New Zealand and Ministry of Social Development that were made available within a month of writing this article. Having commented on the current status of the New Zealand social indicator system, we present data from the General Social Survey and the Quality of Life survey to at least convey recent trends in subjective social well-being and reported behaviours and experiences. References are also made to the accumulating literature on social well-being in New Zealand, followed by suggestions for more systematic indicator development and underpinning research.