刑事一体化视野下的犯罪构成体系研究

三大犯罪构成体系虽然在构成要件与思维进路上迥然各异,但是在犯罪认定的实质内涵上却几无差别.三大犯罪构成体系均囊括全部犯罪成立必须具备的基本条件,涵摄证明犯罪人主观心态的诸种客观方面,明晰主观方面是犯罪认定的核心,洞彻客观方面佐证主观方面的功能,旨在为犯罪认定提供统一的抽象模型.同时,犯罪构成体系的生成又与一国的传统文化、社会情势、刑事诉讼法和刑事实体法的交互作用休戚相关,紧密相连,意在关照个性基础上的公允认定.犯罪构成体系是指导犯罪认定的思维方法,理解相关法律规范的过程,并无孰优孰劣之分,而仅有适正演绎之别,需要在把握犯罪构成体系的共性特点及甄别个性差异的基础上,予以刑事一体化的方法考量.具体而言,犯罪构成体系的选择和适用应恪守犯罪主观方面认定的中核地位,秉持犯罪构成体系与公众逻辑思维过程的趋同性,凸显控方举证责任的增加,着力犯罪构成有机体的构建.     

城乡差异视角下医疗保险的隐性福利估值及机制研究——基于CGSS主观幸福感数据的实证分析

基于中国社会科学综合调查(CGSS)2005年、2010年和2015年的三期截面数据,运用OLS及PSM方法研究医疗保险对主观幸福感的影响及作用机制,并首次运用LSA估值法测算了隐性福利的货币价值。研究发现,医疗保险显著地促进了居民主观幸福感的提升,总体上隐性福利价值约为年收入的24.58%,农村隐性福利提高的幅度高于城镇;但进一步按收入从低到高分组,则发现农村低收入人群的隐性福利并没有得到显著提高,原因可能在于农村低收入人群就医时仍具有较高家庭负担。据此提出,提高农村低收入人群医疗保险的报销比例,或者降低其就医时的门槛,灵活设置低收入人群的医疗保险降低其就医负担,才能达到精准健康扶贫和提高其隐性福利的目标。     

人情消费与农村居民的幸福感——来自2015年CSS的经验证据

人情消费是中华民族的传统习俗,并在社会互动过程中扮演着重要角色。结合2015年中国社会状况综合调查（CSS）数据,以人情消费作为代理变量,采用有序Logit模型、有序Probit模型,在考虑个体异质性因素、地区因素基础上,考察人情消费对农村居民主观幸福感的影响。研究表明：人情消费与农村居民幸福感呈现典型的“倒U型”关系,人情消费具有福利效应的“拐点”出现在家庭人情消费占总消费支出的比例约为42%处。通过变换估计方法、替换被解释变量进行稳健性检验后,这一结果依然成立;当人情消费位于均值11.41%处,农村居民自我幸福感评价为“非常幸福”的概率显著提高8.8%;人情消费对农村居民幸福感的影响表现出鲜明的群体差异,西部地区、低收入、已婚、中老年群体人情消费超过“拐点”的比例更高,党员超过“拐点”的比例则明显低于普通群众。     

Subjective Well-Being, Societal Condition and Social Policy – The Case Study of a Rich Chinese Society

The article looks at whether or not social policy and other societal-condition variables contribute to the subjective well-being of life satisfaction. It firstly argues that social policy needs to pay more attention to the study of subjective well-being. Then, it reviews the literature and finds that people in rich societies generally have higher levels of life satisfaction. But the findings of a social survey on the level of and variance in life satisfaction in a rich Chinese society reveal the contrary. The empirical data reflects a life satisfaction pattern along strong income and class lines. It also confirms that social policy and other societal-condition variables have different degrees of impact on life satisfaction. At last, implications of the findings for social policy are discussed.     

The Subjective Well-being Construct: A Test of its Convergent,Discriminant, and Factorial Validity

Using structural equation modeling, we found empirical support for the prevailing theory that subjective well-being consists of three domains: (1) cognitive evaluations of one’s life (i.e., life satisfaction or happiness); (2) positive affect; and (3) negative affect. Multiple indicators of satisfaction/happiness were shown to have strong convergent validity as well as discriminant validity from positive and negative affect. Positive and negative affect likewise exhibited discriminant validity from one another. At both the item and scale levels of analysis, we obtained an intercorrelated three-factor solution corresponding to the three proposed subjective well-being domains.     

Poverty and Subjective Well-being in Mexico

There are two tendencies in the literatureregarding the relationship between income andsubjective well-being. The first tendencymaintains that there is a strong relationshipbetween these two variables, and that thepoorer the population, the more pronounced thisrelationship. The second tendency downplaysthis relationship, arguing that a largepercentage of happiness cannot be explained byeconomic variables. The objective of this studywas to compare the subjective well-being ofthree socioeconomic groups – extremely poor,moderately poor and not poor – and to discoverthe combination of subjective well-beingfactors that makes it possible to predict thesocioeconomic group to which subjects belong.Subjective well-being was measured by using aninstrument developed by Palomar Lever (2000) andconsisting of eleven related factors thatinquire into the subjects' satisfaction ineleven areas of life. The results indicatestatistically significant differences in nearlyall the subjective well-being factors inrelation to the socioeconomic group to whichsubjects belong, with the poorest subjectsreporting the least satisfaction. In additionsome differences were found in relation to sexand age. Also, low correlations were observedbetween income and subjective well-being in theextremely poor and moderately poor groups, withmore of these correlations in the first group,followed by the last. Finally, it was foundthat membership in the socioeconomic groups canbe predicted by a combination of subjectivewell-being factors such as satisfaction withone's recreational activities, socialsurroundings, personal development and couplerelationship.     

Subjective Wellbeing and its Meaning for Young People in a Rural Australian Center

In Australia, wellbeing has been used as an assessment of how young people are doing by health researchers, youth researchers and psychologists. The concept ‚wellbeing’ is increasingly applied to young people in their late teens and early twenties with little discussion of young people’s perspectives. Using quantitative measures of subjective wellbeing as well as qualitative interviews to allow young people to discuss the concept of wellbeing, this study explored the levels and meanings of wellbeing among 91 young people (aged 16–24) from a rural center in south-east Australia. Key components of wellbeing for young people were found to include relationships, psychological dimensions and personal issues while family and ‚pressure’ impacted wellbeing. For most young people, wellbeing was multidimensional, holistic and centred around their own lives. Findings suggest that the Deiner et al. satisfaction with life scale was an appropriate measure of young people’s wellbeing but that health, sociology of youth and psychological approaches all contribute to young people’s perspectives of wellbeing and need to be incorporated into a more holistic measure of SWB for young people.     

Expected Uncertain Utility Theory

We introduce and analyze expected uncertain utility (EUU) theory. A prior and an interval utility characterize an EUU decision maker. The decision maker transforms each uncertain prospect into an interval‐valued prospect that assigns an interval of prizes to each state. She then ranks prospects according to their expected interval utilities. We define uncertainty aversion for EUU, use the EUU model to address the Ellsberg Paradox and other ambiguity evidence, and relate EUU theory to existing models.     

心理学视野中的孤独

孤独是一种主观体验,是与关系相对存在的个体内在体验,并不能简单由外在环境所致,它总是产生于一个人的社会关系中的某些缺陷。孤独有性格孤独与状态孤独的差别。对孤独特性的不同理解,使得我们体验到不同的感受,从承受孤独到享受孤独、追求孤独,进而认识到孤独与交往是人性的两种不同需求的反映,孤独是对交往需求的反映,是对交往过程的整合。     

胡风的“主观战斗精神”论

胡风生平简要。胡风对两种文学倾向不满。一种是对周作人和林语堂的脱离现实的“兴趣主义”和“性灵主义”不满,认为这是与时代精神向背离的;一种是对“左联”内部的从前苏联引进的所谓“辩证唯物主义创作方法”以及其后在“左联”作家队伍中所产生的“主观公式主义”、“客观主义”不满,认为这是违背“现实主义”创作原则的。他在这既反右又反“左”的斗争中,从自己和同行的创作中,领悟并创构了一个理论,这就是后来给他带来无穷灾难的“主观战斗精神”论。从文学创作的认识论的层面看,胡风的“主观精神”论是一种独特的有价值的创作美学。从作家人格论的层面看,胡风在他的文学理论生涯中,所追求的是现实主义文学理论与人格塑造有关。其价值取向是为了追求高度的艺术真实。