The Emergent Organization: Improvisation and Order in Gulf Coast Disaster Relief

This article employs the interactionist concept of emergence to explore volunteer behavior in organizational settings after natural disasters. Through a several‐year ethnographic study of volunteer relief groups in the Post‐hurricane Gulf Coast, I examine how emergent social groups navigate situations where interactional norms, practices, and procedures are ambiguous, unclear, or in continual flux. Grassroots volunteer groups improvised organizational decision‐making and leadership structures to develop timely and appropriate responses to the post‐disaster environment. In particular, I focus on two distinct groups of volunteers whose response to these emergent interactional structures: improvisers embraced the ambiguity of group norms as an opportunity to innovate and express their creativity, whereas ritualists rejected the lack of structure and order characterized by the volunteer organizations.     

What Did US$18 bn Achieve? The 2005 Debt Relief to Nigeria

Since 2003 Nigeria's economic growth has been consistently above 6% and has been driven by non‐oil sectors. This article attempts to assess the contribution of the 2005 debt‐relief agreement to this higher growth. The agreement eliminated Nigeria's US$30 billion debt to Paris Club creditors who cancelled US$18 bn, while Nigeria paid back US$12 bn. The article traces the three possible impact channels of debt relief, namely, the flow (reduced debt service), the stock (removal of debt overhang) and the conditionality channel, and comes to the conclusion that the debt‐relief agreement played a key role in the country's improved economic performance, in particular through successful conditionality.     

Religion and relief: the role of religion in mobilizing civil society against global poverty

Abstract

Although global poverty is one of the world's most pressing contemporary problems, there is a lack of political will to address it, and much of the work is left to non-governmental organizations (NGOs)-many of which have religious connections. However, religion's role in this area is surprisingly understudied. In attempting to fill the gap, this study explores what makes religion effective in mobilizing civil society actors to engage in transnational poverty relief and development. The paper examines the salience of religious actors in the field, before developing a theoretical framework to explain this prevalence, employing sociologically based theories of religious social capital, content, and cultural power. Finally, these issues are investigated practically through case studies of two religious NGOs, World Vision New Zealand (WVNZ) and TEAR Fund New Zealand. The findings corroborate the theoretical framework, demonstrating the considerable potential of religion to mobilize civil society in the fight against global poverty.     

性别排挤与农村女性土地承包权益的救济

基于男尊女卑的性别歧视与社会排挤,农村女性的土地承包权益往往遭到剥夺与侵害.这不仅严重影响了男女平等原则的实施进程,而且严重制约了女性的生存权和发展权的充分实现.探究女性土地承包权益弱化的现状、后果及原因,有助于摸索、建构救济女性土地承包权益的宏观路径与制度模式,进而为维护女性土地承包权益提供程序法、实体法和伦理观的救济基础.     

中国禅学思想与水上勉的“救济”观念——以《五号街夕雾楼》、《雁寺》为中心

水上勉前期代表作《五号街夕雾楼》和《雁寺》体现了佛教尤其是中国慧能思想对其文学创作的影响,作品中的妓女形象都是作为“佛的化身”登场,用乐观和慈悲使得自我在苦难中得到解脱的同时,也实现了对男性的救济.而这种把苦难仅仅看做一种存在形式不执拗在其中的精神,便是中国禅宗“本来无一物”的思想体现.     

试论晚清时期国人引介国外残疾人救助理念的努力

中国传统社会的残疾人救助采取的是以收养为核心的消极的治标措施，因而不能从根本上解决残疾人问题；而西方国家则主张在对残疾人进行收养的同时，尤其强调通过教育手段提高残疾人文化素质，提升其谋生能力，从而最终实现残疾人的自立自强，因此是一种标本兼治的措施。晚清时期，越来越多的中国人对欧美及日本的残疾人救济理念进行了广泛而深入的考察并将其引介到国内，逐步改变了中国传统的残疾人救助方式，并在社会上逐步确立了养教皆施的救助理念；在此基础上，逐步开创了中国现代残疾人事业。     

胡锦涛抗震救灾思想与干部危难意识养成研究

在党中央和国务院的坚强领导下,四川汶川特大地震灾害发生后抗震救灾工作取得了重大阶段性胜利。胡锦涛抗震救灾思想以社会主义核心价值体系为基调,凸现了抗震救灾以民为本的核心理念,发扬了大无畏的革命英雄主义精神和凝聚了"一方有难、八方支援"的民族美德。胡锦涛抗震救灾思想感召了千百万党员干部,熔铸成赋有时代特色的抗震救灾精神,培养了广大党员干部的危难意识;造就了一大批抗震救灾英雄楷模。学习、贯彻胡锦涛抗震救灾思想,对广大党员干部增强危难意识的养成,树立危难责任感和培养危难应对素质,具有非常重要的意义。     

当代中国农村扶贫开发模式论析

当代中国农村扶贫开发的基本模式是开发式扶贫。本文阐述了开发式扶贫模式的内涵及其运行方式，着重分析了开发式扶贫模式在运作主体问题上存在的局限性和在具体运行的实践中存在的障碍因素，提出了在坚持政府主导开发式扶贫前提下，充分发挥非政府组织和贫困群众在开发式扶贫中的作用，不断完善开发式扶贫模式的具体运行方式等解决问题的对策。     

论我国注册会计师的行政处罚

我国《注册会计师法》及其配套法规所设定的行政处罚种类与《行政处罚法》的规定不一致，应当作出相应修订，以便与《行政处罚法》相统一。适当的罚款可以有效遏制注册会计师的违法行为，我国《注册会计师法》应当规定可以对注册会计师的违法行为进行罚款。我国《注册会计师法》的执法级别太高，从提高行政效率和最大限度保护行政相对人的合法权益的角度看，应该将执法权适当下放。现行法律对不予注册、撤销注册、注销注册决定的救济方式不明确，应当明确行政相对人对前述决定不服时可以提起行政诉讼。     

Step-wise screening of defective factors

It is generally assumed that the defective factors of a population have the same a-priori probability of being defective. However,with some knowledge of the population, we can relax on this assumption and assume the population may consist of factors with unequal a-priori probabilities of being defective. Step-wise screening is developed to detect these factors with minimum expected number of runs assuming that there are no errors in the observationso Comparison is done with an equivalent two-stage group screening experiment.