Exact tests based on the Baumgartner-Weiß-Schindler statistic—A survey

It is the purpose of this paper to review recently-proposed exact tests based on the Baumgartner-Weiß-Schindler statistic and its modification. Except for the generalized Behrens-Fisher problem, these tests are broadly applicable, and they can be used to compare two groups irrespective of whether or not ties occur. In addition, a nonparametric trend test and a trend test for binomial proportions are possible. These exact tests are preferable to commonly-applied tests, such as the Wilcoxon rank sum test, in terms of both type I error rate and power.     

我国离婚损害赔偿制度若干问题探讨

我国的离婚损害赔偿制度及法律适用中存在以下四个问题 :①关于第三者的赔偿责任。第三者侵犯无过错方的配偶权 ,应与过错方承担连带责任。②关于举证责任。就当事人举证难提出合理的立法建议。③关于损害赔偿适用条件的扩大。离婚损害赔偿适用条件过于狭窄 ,应当增设法律条款 ,并在立法中规定概括性条款。④关于离婚精神损害赔偿金额的确定。我国离婚精神损害有两种赔偿方式 ,引“评定客观化说”分析精神损害赔偿金额的确定因素     

一类方幂和中因子P的指数计算

设ｎ，ｒ为正整数且ｒ〉１，Ｐ为奇素数，ｎ＝Ｐ＾ａＣ，本文给出下列方幂和中因子Ｐ的指数计算公式：Ａｕ＝Σｋ＝０ ｎ－１ （１＋ＵＫ）ｒ，ｕ＝１，２。     

Automatic breakpoint detection for retrospective cumulative sum charts

Cumulative sum (cusum) methods can be used for monitoring processes and for retrospective (historical) data analysis. Most software only provides the former. The comment by Williamson that retrospective cusum analysis is a neglected area is still true. Though not in vogue, retrospective cusum analysis is useful for investigations such as benchmarking of processes, identifying causes of process decay, selecting reference data sets for typicality studies, and reporting of historical data. Even those texts which cover retrospective analyses, usually ignore the question of identifying multiple points of change (breakpoints), and present essentially manual methods for assessing single breakpoints. Most users of statistical methods want software solutions that are easy to use and require little user intervention or interpretation. Direct implementation of manual method does not give a user robust solution. Problems are illustrated. Attempts to use monitoring CuSums in retrospective analysis can also lead to errors. A practical recursive method is presented for breakpoint identification and significance assessment, which can be automated. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

树的圈上带宽和下界

给出了一些以顶点数、直径或独立数表示的树的圈上带宽和的下界，并以此计算了K1，n(星）和Wn 1（轮）的圈上带宽和。     

基于超效率DEA模型的区域技术创新效率研究

技术创新是区域发展的不竭动力,如何在资源投入有限的情况下提升技术创新效率,日渐成为各方关注的热点问题。采用非径向的超效率SBM模型,对我国30个地区的技术创新效率进行测度和评价。以R&; D经费投入、R&; D人员全时当量、技术流入合同金额为投入指标,以国内专利申请授权量、新产品产值及技术市场成交合同额为产出指标,以各地区2012年的数据为依据测度其技术创新效率,指出我国整体技术创新规模效率值偏低,呈哑铃型的两极分化状态,地区间的效率值差异较大。同时,通过秩和检验发现我国东中西部的技术创新效率有明显差异,并在此基础上对效率值非有效的地区进行投入冗余和产出不足分析。     

The random intrinsic fast initial response of one-sided CUSUM charts

This article analyses the performance of a one-sided cumulative sum (CUSUM) chart that is initialized using a random starting point following the natural or intrinsic probability distribution of the CUSUM statistic. By definition, this probability distribution remains stable as the chart is used. The probability that the chart starts at zero according to this intrinsic distribution is always smaller than one, which confers on the chart a fast initial response feature. The article provides a fast and accurate algorithm to compute the in-control and out-of-control average run lengths and run-length probability distributions for one-sided CUSUM charts initialized using this random intrinsic fast initial response (RIFIR) scheme. The algorithm also computes the intrinsic distribution of the CUSUM statistic and random samples extracted from this distribution. Most importantly, no matter how the chart was initialized, if no level shifts and no alarms have occurred before time τ?>?0, the distribution of the run length remaining after τ is provided by this algorithm very accurately, provided that τ is not too small.     

Detection of intrusions in information systems by sequential change-point methods

Sequential multi-chart detection procedures for detecting changes in multichannel sensor systems are developed. In the case of complete information on pre-change and post-change distributions, the detection algorithm represents a likelihood ratio-based multichannel generalization of Page’s cumulative sum (CUSUM) test that is applied to general stochastic models that may include correlated and nonstationary observations. There are many potential application areas where it is necessary to consider multichannel generalizations and general statistical models. In this paper our main motivation for doing so is network security: rapid anomaly detection for an early detection of attacks in computer networks that lead to changes in network traffic. Moreover, this kind of application encourages the development of a nonparametric multichannel detection test that does not use exact pre-change (legitimate) and post-change (attack) traffic models. The proposed nonparametric method can be effectively applied to detect a wide variety of attacks such as denial-of-service attacks, worm-based attacks, port-scanning, and man-in-the-middle attacks. In addition, we propose a multichannel CUSUM procedure that is based on binary quantized data; this procedure turns out to be more efficient than the previous two algorithms in certain scenarios. All proposed detection algorithms are based on the change-point detection theory. They utilize the thresholding of test statistics to achieve a fixed rate of false alarms, while allowing changes in statistical models to be detected “as soon as possible”. Theoretical frameworks for the performance analysis of detection procedures, as well as results of Monte Carlo simulations for a Poisson example and results of detecting real flooding attacks, are presented.     

“携带凶器抢夺”认定中应注意的若干问题

新刑法第 2 6 7条第 2款规定 ,携带凶器抢夺的 ,依照抢劫罪定罪处罚 ,而理论界对“携带凶器抢夺”的理解却存在很大的分歧 ,这直接影响了法律的正确适用。本文在剖析了不同观点的基础上 ,提出了作者关于“凶器”的概念 ,对携带一词的理解 ,携带凶器抢夺以抢劫罪论处的范围 ,以及在认定此罪时需要以达到数额较大为要件     

单脉冲雷达系统通道一致性校正方法研究

在振幅和差单脉冲体制对目标进行角度测量的条件下,讨论了采用宽带信号的和差波束接收通道的幅相特性不一致。当幅度误差<14 dB、相位误差<0.27 rad的通道误差模型时,针对宽带信号提出了一种对和差通道幅相进行校正的算法。通过计算机仿真表明,校正后的测角精度有明显提高,满足了系统设计的要求。