交易活跃性与交易成本动态关系研究

交易成本和市场活跃性是流动性相互联系的两个重要方面,已往研究多基于横截面分析研究两者的静态关系,而未考虑两者的动态相互作用。用久期,交易量来度量市场活跃程度,买卖价差度量交易成本,提出了基于超高频数据研究交易活跃程度和交易成本动态关系的系统模型。利用中国股市的样本数据对模型进行了实证研究,并从信息揭示的角度对实证结果给出了理论解释。结果表明交易活跃性和交易成本之间存在着动态相互影响,监管部门应该采取措施降低交易成本,增加市场的活跃性,防止出现市场低迷和流动性缺乏的恶性循环。     

Cost-Utility Analysis to Control Campylobacter on Chicken Meat—Dealing with Data Limitations

The current article describes the economic evaluation of interventions to control Campylobacter on chicken meat by means of a cost-utility analysis. Apart from the methodology used, the main focus of this article is on data gaps and assumptions made, and their impact on results and conclusions. The direct intervention costs, the relative risk, the disease burden (expressed in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)), and the costs of illness for the various interventions are necessary inputs for the cost-utility analysis. The cost-utility ratio (CUR) -- the measure for efficiency -- is expressed in net costs per avoided DALY. Most data gaps were of a biological order, but for some interventions, information on costs was also scarce. As a consequence, assumptions had to be made, which had some impact on the estimated CUR. A higher (lower) incidence of Campylobacter infections associated with chicken meat, higher (lower) effectiveness, and lower (higher) intervention costs, respectively, would result in absolute better (worse) CUR estimates. By taking the perspective of all consumers eating Dutch chicken meat, rather than only the Dutch society, absolute better CUR estimates could be obtained. Indirect costs or a shift toward non-Dutch chicken meat would both result in higher CUR estimates. Despite the assumptions made, three interventions showed for most of the applied sensitivity analyses relatively favorable CUR estimates: limiting fecal leakage during processing, carcass decontamination by dipping in a chemical solution, and the phage therapy. However, all three do have some clauses.     

Informational Regulation of Environmental Risks

This paper examines the law and economics of informational regulation (IR) of environmental risks. Informational regulation here means regulation which provides to affected stakeholders information on the operations of regulated entities, usually with the expectation that such stakeholders will then exert pressure on these entities to comply with regulations in a manner which serves the interests of stakeholders. As such, IR reinforces and augments direct regulatory monitoring and enforcement through third-party monitoring and incentives. The paper provides two contrasting frameworks, from law and economics, to analyze the costs and benefits likely to arise from IR and concludes with a discussion of the appropriate scope of IR as a substitute for and complement of traditional environmental regulation and law.     

企业的自制-外购决策:一个几何模型

能够影响企业的生产成本、组织成本、交易成本和中间品购买价格的一切因素,都可能对企业的自制-外购决策产生重要影响。因此,为强调某因素而把其它因素看成可忽略因素的一切已有的理论,都是难免被证伪的。在述评已有的几种主要理论的基础上,发展了一个几何模型去说明各种因素对企业自制-外购决策的影响,并讨论了其理论意义和应用前景。     

高等教育的学费问题研究

高校培养成本的核算应公正、科学、合理。个人分担比例的划定应兼顾老百姓的承受能力和高校的正常运行所需。应根据“利益获得”原则,分层次划定公办高校学费标准。应认识到,对高等教育的投资是一种风险投资。     

高等教育支出与高等教育办学成本的转换研究

办学成本是学校为培养学生而发生的物化劳动和活劳动耗费的货币表现。高等教育办学成本研究必须将现行高等学校会计制度框架下的高等教育支出转换为高等教育办学成本才能进行。在转换时，要在遵循假设性、重现性、简化性和现实性原则的前提下，按照人员支出、公用支出、社会保障支出、折旧费支出和其他支出等成本项目进行。     

Too much of a good thing? Alliance portfolio size and alliance expansion

Drawing from the organizational learning, transactions costs and resource based theories, we argue that the larger the Alliance Portfolio Size (APS) of the partners, the lower the likelihood that the alliance will be expanded. We also argue for an interactive effect by proposing that high levels of experience will neutralize some (but not all) of the detrimental impact of a large APS on the likelihood of alliance expansion. We deploy the case-control methodology to select a sample of 182 alliances from the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries spanning the period 1980–2004. Results from logistic regression analyses support our predictions.     

高校人才培养成本的会计学分析

高校培养人才的投资是一种准生产性投资，人才培养过程是高校资源消耗和资源创造的统一并实现其价值增值的过程。高校人才成本会计核算方法研究，就是在对高校人才成本的经济实质和理论依据进行分析的基础上，从实用角度和可操作性方面，探讨高校人才培养过程中资源耗费的确认、计量、记录和报告等的各种会计方法。人力资源会计理论是这项研究的理论依据，高校产业化趋势和高校财务体制的转轨是这项研究的基本动因。     

巴泽尔的产权理论评介

巴泽尔的产权理论观点新颖、方法独特，丰富了已有的产权理论和新制度经济学。他在产权界定方式、界定费用的影响、个人在产权界定中的作用以及产权合理配置原则等多方面提出了与众不同的见解。从辩证逻辑的角度揭示了产权界定的相对性和渐进性。指出由于存在交易费用，产权实际上常常不可能界定清晰，未加界定的财产价值就被留在公共领域；产权边界是个人努力、他人争夺和政府维护的函数，个人在产权界定中比政府有优势。他还从共同财产问题和延留义务的角度揭示了企业的性质。     

Chapter 3: Health and Productivity Management

SUMMARY

This article focuses on the emergence of Health and Productivity Management (HPM) as a context for understanding the integration of health and wellness into employee assistance and work-life programs. Major factors influencing the growth of HPM are raising medical costs as well as the rising incidence of obesity. The Wake-up Call to Corporate America underscores the need to manage these costs and improve health through the proactive alignment of health-related benefits and programs. HPM is described as an integrated approach to capture direct medical costs as well as the indirect costs associated with poor health and lost productivity. Critical design and implementation features that are likely to contribute to a successful integrated approach are described and highlighted. An HPM case example of a large pharmaceutical company examines a unique cross referral program including considerations for continuous improvement. Finally, the article concludes with key challenges related to marketplace competition, pricing pressures, concerns regarding the sub-optimization of programs and the influence of current health care system changes.