Free or bundled: Channel selection decisions under different power structures

The smart phone industry has unique supply chain relationships. Companies at all levels of the supply chain compete and coordinate with each other for market share and profit. This paper examines the impact of power structures on the decision of pricing and channel selection between a free channel and a bundled channel. We investigate the smart phone supply chain that consists of a handset manufacturer and a telecom service operator. Based on game theory models, the manufacturer׳s optimal retail pricing policies in free and bundled channels and the telecom service operator׳s optimal subsidy policies in a bundled channel are derived under different power structures. It is demonstrated that the firm that has higher channel power will gain more profit, and the smart phone supply chain׳s profit in a Vertical Nash (VN) power structure is higher than that in Telecom Service Operator-Stackelberg (TS) and Manufacturer-Stackelberg (MS) power structures. It is also shown that the smart phone supply chain will choose a bundled channel in TS and MS power structures under certain conditions and will select a free channel in a VN power structure.     

基于EVT-Vine-copula的多市场相关性及投资组合选择研究

研究多元市场间的相关性对构建市场投资组合进而有效规避风险具有重要现实意义。将股票、基金、国债、期货、货币、外汇和现货市场纳入统一框架,以2010年10月1日至2014年3月31日的HS300指数、上证基金指数、国债指数、燃油期货指数、Shibor隔夜拆借利率、欧元兑人民币中间价和原油商品指数为样本,在结合GJR和EVT对各自边缘分布进行估计的基础上,运用R-Vine copula、D-Vine copula和C-Vine copula 3种模型综合探讨中国不同金融市场之间的净相关关系,并详细分析所有两两市场间的非条件相关性及其在一个市场条件下的条件相关性。实证结果表明,中国金融市场间表现出厚尾相关性和非对称相关性特征,3种不同Vine-copula模型对中国金融市场的拟合效果没有显著差异;多数两两市场间具有较高的非条件相关性,通过逐一分析除两两市场外的第3个市场对其相关性的影响得知,二者在某些市场条件下的条件相关性仅为其非条件相关性的20%以下,因而选择对应市场构建三元投资组合可以避免仅在两个市场同向投资时其市场价格同时下跌的风险;熊市时要避免直接在非条件相关性及条件相关性较强的市场间同向投资,应通过选择非条件相关性较低的两个市场、条件相关性表现独立或较低的多个市场构建投资组合,从而规避不同市场价格同时下跌的风险。     

愚昧还是文明,哪一个离我们更近-中国人口素质逆淘汰的实证分析

中国的人口素质逆淘汰问题不仅是多学科的研究对象,而且是学术界争论的焦点。本文从城乡不同的生育率是造成人口素质逆淘汰的原因出发,采取定性分析和定量分析相结合的方法,指出静态社会中的确存在人口素质逆淘汰,但城镇化不仅控制了人口数量,而且提高了人口素质,因此,加大高等教育的投入和改善医疗卫生条件等提高我国人口素质的根本途径应和推进城镇化相结合,才能达到事半功倍的效果。     

The effects of gender control on fertility and children's consumption

Effects of sex preference on investments in children‘s human capital, bequests and fertility are studied, with and without sex selection, in a model based on parental altruism. Both pure sex preference, a feature of the parental utility function, and indirect preference, which arises from gender-related differences in earnings opportunities, are examined. When there is no gender control the impact of pure sex preference is seen in smaller consumption for daughters than for sons. However, when gender control is exerted, sex preference raises the sex ratio and it is possible that sisters may, on average, consume no less than their more numerous brothers. In an example of the model with specific functional forms, parents who practise gender control have larger families than if sex selection techniques were unavailable. The effect is magnified if sons‘ earnings opportunities are better than daughters‘. JEL classification: D11, J13, J16 Received August 31, 1995 / Accepted May 2, 1996     

The Interrelations Between Cohabitation,Marriage and First Birth in Germany and Sweden

We study the interrelationships between union-formation forms and fertility in Swedish and West German female cohorts born in 1949–1971. We apply simultaneous hazard models, permitting the presence of correlated unobserved heterogeneity. This method allows us to control for country-specific composition of the population with respect to several socio-economic variables, as well as with respect to unobserved factors jointly affecting childbearing and union formation behavior. Our results confirm that partnership formation and the transition to parenthood are partially interchangeable. Net of those selection effects, we find that the impact of being in a union on first birth is higher in Sweden than in Germany, in particular for cohabitation.     

A Note on “Sourcing Decisions with Stochastic Supplier Reliability and Stochastic Demand”

This note complements the study of Burke, Carillo, and Vakharia ( 2009 hereafter “BCV”) which analyzes a class of single‐product multisourcing problems under stochastic demand and random yields. The purpose is twofold. First, we prove that the objective function used by these authors is only a lower bound for the expected profit for which we provide the correct expression. Second, we show on some of the numerical instances provided in BCV's study that the structure and the performance of the BCV ordering policy may be substantially different from the optimal ordering policy. We conclude by giving general qualitative insights characterizing suboptimality of the BCV solution.     

从语言选择看蒲松龄的小说与俚曲创作

白话小说在明清时期已经取得了斐然成就,而《聊斋志异》却以它独特的风姿,成为文言小说的最高峰。蒲松龄科场偃蹇失意,沉沦下僚,虽为正统文人,但并不排斥白话口语创作,现存俚曲十四首,语言俚俗易懂,迎合下层民众审美趣味。作为他心灵寄托的《聊斋志异》采用的仍为文言。文言一直是作为官方正统文体存在的,是文人身份的象征;口语白话通俗易懂,广泛应用于普通大众之间,是俗文化的象征。蒲松龄的创作文白皆有,则代表的是其两种不同境界：文言意味着虚幻的理想,白话则是回归现实的象征。     

政策工具选择的影响因素及其程序构建

政策工具选择理论是政策工具理论的核心议题,但已有的研究内容均将焦点集中于工具选择影响因素的分析,而在工具选择的程序方面却很少涉及。试图在综述政策工具选择影响因素的基础上,关注并尝试建构政策工具选择的程序,以期为当前政策工具选择的研究提供理论支持。     

建设学习型政党的路径选择

党的十七届四中全会提出建设马克思主义学习型政党、提高全党思想政治水平的总要求。本文从三个方面阐述了把党建设成为一个与时代同步、与群众同行,立党为公、执政为民的马克思主义学习型政党,从而为保持党的先进性提供理论和实践支撑。     

层次分析法在绿色供应商评价与选择中的应用研究

文章分析了绿色供应商评价与选择的程序、原则,提出了以环境管理绩效指标构建评价与选择的指标体系,并运用AHP法以算例的形式对指标体系进行了计算、论证,为绿色供应商的评价与选择提供科学的决策依据。