论代理成本的控制——兼议我国公司治理结构的完善

现代公司制的本质是委托代理制.由于利益与信息的不对称,经理层所做出的决策可能会背弃股东的利益,产生代理问题.西方国家一般是通过持股权、报酬合约、董事会、经理市场、公司控制权市场与机构持股等方式协调经理人员与股东的利益取向.要完善我国的公司治理结构,作为政府部门必须为企业创造一个公平竞争的环境,尤其是完善公司内部的治理结构,建立科学的企业制度.     

公路货运交易市场现代物流模式及运行机制

公路货运交易业经过10多年的发展,已经形成了具有43 600多家经营业户的业态规模,在公路运输系统中发挥着重要的运输组织、中介服务职能。通过研究货运交易业的现状与发展趋势,针对目前货运交易业存在的货运市场空间布局无序、交易分割封闭,综合物流服务能力低等方面的问题,提出了货运交易空间载体有形化、货运交易层次化、网络化阶段与货运交易服务模式物流化“三阶段”发展的模式及相应的运行机制,以突破目前分散、封闭的交易运作方式,促进公路货运交易向可持续的、网络化、物流化方向发展。     

我国公司债债券期限的影响因素分析

以2007年8月14日至2011年12月31日上市公司发行的91条公司债的存续时间而非会计报表数据为研究对象,从代理成本和流动性风险假说、信息不对称假说以及税收收益假说三个方面分析公司债债券期限的影响因素,研究发现流动性风险是影响债券期限的主要因素,代理成本理论、信息不对称假设仅仅得到了部分验证,而税收收益假设完全没有得到验证,说明中国上市公司在进行公司债券期限决策时主要考虑了公司所面临的流动性风险。     

财务治理：集权与分权的经济学分析

个人的有限理性决定了决策专门知识的取得是一项成本较高的行动 ,而决策权的转移成本低于专门知识转换成本的事实则决定了需要将决策权转移给拥有专门知识的人 ,由此决策才有效率 ;财务专门知识的精细化则决定了需要对财务进行分层治理 ;信息成本与代理成本之间的权衡可以确定企业财务集权治理与分权治理的最佳动态模式     

普通法上董事侵权责任解说——由香港法院近年判例引起的思考

近年来中国内地与中国香港特区社会经济交流日益增多。作为公司法律制度较为健全的司法域,中国香港特区的公司法判例中有很多做法值得内地借鉴,其中有关公司董事侵权归责的处理则是一例。以香港公司法上董事侵权案件为引,深入探讨香港乃至英国普通法系统上的董事侵权问题,包括过失侵权和故意侵权两类形式,认为公司董事侵权责任应受侵权法约束,解释了“个人责任假定”测试的内涵,主张代理说较代表说更具理论优势和实践可行性。     

Report on the implementation and evaluation of an interprofessional learning programme for inter‐agency child protection teams

Effective collaborative working between the different professions and agencies working to safeguard children is essential. Lack of knowledge of others' roles, perceived differences in status and expertise, and negative stereotypes are examples of why this can be difficult to achieve. A facilitated interprofessional learning (IPL) programme was implemented to assess if such an intervention could overcome some of the barriers to effective interprofessional and inter‐agency team working. Six teams based in primary and secondary care trusts took part with participants from health, education, police and social services. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from individual participants using a pre‐validated team climate inventory and reflective statements. Findings from this study demonstrate statistically significant changes in five out of six categories in the inventory. Reflective statements suggested that overall the programme offered a positive learning experience at both an individual and team level. The importance of outside facilitation to maintain the team's momentum was acknowledged, as was the difficulty of maintaining a good level of activity once the programme had ended. Nevertheless, the IPL programme provided a timely opportunity to reflect upon the interprofessional and inter‐agency team working needed within Children's Trusts and the implications for staff involved with regard to skills development. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Three notes on a political economy of youth

The paper seeks to makes a contribution to a recent debate in the Journal about what a political economy of youth might look like. The paper will take up aspects of Sukarieh and Tannock’s [2016. ‘On the political economy of youth: a comment.’ Journal of Youth Studies 19 (9): 1281–1289] response to the initial contributions by Côté [2014. ‘Towards a New Political Economy of Youth.’ Journal of Youth Studies 17 (4): 527–543, 2016. ‘A New Political Economy of Youth Reprised: Rejoinder to France and Threadgold.’ Journal of Youth Studies.] And France and Threadgold [2015. ‘Youth and Political Economy: Towards a Bourdieusian Approach.’ Journal of Youth Studies], and will take the form of three ‘notes’: Capitalism: From the first industrial revolution to the third industrial revolution; Youth as an artefact of governmentalised expertise; The agency/structure problem in youth studies: Foucault’s dispositif and post-human exceptionalism.

These notes will suggest that twenty-first century capitalism is globalising, is largely neo-Liberal, and is being reconfigured in profound ways by the Anthropocene, bio-genetics, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT). A political economy of twenty-first century capitalism, let alone a political economy of young people, must be able to account for a capitalism that in many ways looks like the capitalism of the First and Second Industrial Revolutions, but which is at the same time profoundly different as it enters what has often been described as the Third Industrial Revolution. It is these profound emergences that pose the greatest challenges for engaging with a political economy of youth.     

Risk Regulation in High-Conflict Parenting

That “there is no gathering of roses without risking the thorns” might be the simplest way to think of the paradox of relationship. Risk regulation as psychological mechanism minimizes rejection (thorns) and maximizes assurance (roses). In the article, the social psychology of risk regulation is set in the context of divorce and high-conflict parenting. Risk regulation provides not only guidance for treatment, but also a conceptual framework for professional opinion in forensic evaluation and legal consideration.     

The Nature of the Political Reconsidered

I present an immanent, and explanatory, critique of reflections on the nature of politics and of power within political science. I argue that these reflections are problematic, to the extent that they presuppose an actualist conception of the political, and that this is generated by an empiricist way of thinking on the one hand and a constructivist way of thinking on the other. I show how re‐defining politics, power, and the political on the basis of a dialectical critical realist ontology resolves these problems and, thereby, allows us to understand the conditions for social change and the relationship between the political and the economic. My argument has two, important implications: first, that the proposal that those who study politics professionally should celebrate philosophical diversity is dangerous–at least if it makes it difficult to sustain a distinct, emancipatory form of political inquiry; and, second, that the nature of social reality justifies the need both for specialized forms of inquiry, such as politics and economics, and integrative forms of inquiry, such as political economy.     

‘There’s a lot of places I’d like to go and things I’d like to do’: the daily living experiences of adults with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities during a time of personalised social care reform in the United Kingdom

Adult social care services in the United Kingdom have undergone a period of transformation over recent years, characterised by a drive towards personalised care. Concurrently, social care budgets have been significantly reduced. This study aimed to explore the daily living experiences of adults with mild/moderate intellectual disabilities, who are at risk of no longer meeting eligibility criteria for statutory support. Focus group discussions, which included both people with intellectual disabilities and support workers, were analysed thematically. Two broad themes are presented: independence and agency; and social capital and well-being. While some participants echoed ideas central to the personalisation narrative, a number of contextual barriers to achieving greater independence and agency were discussed. Moreover, greater independence was not a desired goal for all participants. The findings highlight the potential mismatch between personalised social care, as delivered within significant budget constraints, and the needs of adults with intellectual disabilities.