关于山东省实现基本公共卫生服务均等化的对策思考

基本公共卫生服务均等化是我国基本公共服务均等化的重要组成部分。近年来,山东省基本公共卫生服务水平不断提高,但各地市存在供给差异。基于此,分析其成因,并提出山东省实现基本公共卫生服务均等化的具体对策成为亟待解决的重要议题。     

供应链应急物流系统构建研究

通过剖析供应链应急物流及其系统的内涵,提出基于经济因素的供应链应急物流系统与基于非经济因素的供应链应急物流系统的逻辑模型及建设要点,并进一步探讨了供应链应急物流系统的信息预警、组织协调、风险评估等机制建设。     

铁路物流角色定位研究:SDN(供需网)的一类节点

本文分析了国内外关于铁路物流和供应链模式的研究现状,描述了当前我国铁路物流的定位,分析了铁路物流成为SDN一类节点的可能性。研究表明,铁路成为SDN一类节点后,实现了物流在不同地区的平衡发展,在降低运作成本、增加企业收益等方面有着重要的优势,将会进一步带动物流产业和经济的发展。     

忠实契约下石油装备闭环供应链对需求突发事件协调能力的实证研究

石油石化行业是中国的能耗大户,行业范围内的突发事件发生频率近年呈上升趋势,闭环供应链管理是石油装备制造业实现节能减排的重要手段。需求突发事件会给石油装备闭环供应链带来一定程度的影响。当石油装备的产品需求变化不大时,忠实契约参数可以保持不变,此时供应链具备协调性;当市场需求变化较大时,修正忠实契约参数依然可以使石油装备闭环供应链保持协调性。无论需求变化大小,石油装备经销商的市场回收价格均无需改变。     

提高石油企业物资供应管理水平的再思考——基于中原油田分公司的视域

油田的物资供应是石油企业降本增效的主要着力点,提高油田物资供应管理的水平意义重大。根据目前石油企业物资供应管理工作中存在的问题,建议油田物资供应管理部门提高物资采购管理工作的水平,加强物资供应管理信息系统的建设,提高物资仓储管理工作的水平,加强对物资供应、使用信息的跟踪和反馈。     

Selection of resilient supply portfolio under disruption risks

This paper deals with the optimal selection and protection of part suppliers and order quantity allocation in a supply chain with disruption risks. The protection decisions include the selection of suppliers to be protected against disruptions and the allocation of emergency inventory of parts to be pre-positioned at the protected suppliers. The decision maker needs to decide which supplier to select for parts delivery and how to allocate orders quantity among the selected suppliers, and which of the selected suppliers to protect against disruptions and how to allocate emergency inventory among the protected suppliers. The problem objective is to achieve a minimum cost of suppliers protection, emergency inventory pre-positioning, parts ordering, purchasing, transportation and shortage and to mitigate the impact of disruption risks by minimizing the potential worst-case cost. As a result a resilient supply portfolio is identified with protected suppliers capable of supplying parts in the face of disruption events. A mixed integer programming approach is proposed to determine risk-neutral, risk-averse or mean-risk supply portfolios, with conditional value-at-risk applied to control the risk of worst-case cost. Numerical examples are presented and some computational results are reported.     

Multiobjective optimisation of production,distribution and capacity planning of global supply chains in the process industry

The performance of a supply chain should usually be measured by multiple criteria. We address production, distribution and capacity planning of global supply chains considering cost, responsiveness and customer service level simultaneously. A multiobjective mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) approach is developed with total cost, total flow time and total lost sales as key objectives. Also, two strategies to expand the formulation plants’ capacities are considered in the model. The ε-constraint method and lexicographic minimax method are used as solution approaches to tackle the multiobjective problem. Finally, a numerical example is investigated to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model and solution approaches.     

Impact of product proliferation on the reverse supply chain

Product variety is one of the most important advantages in highly competitive markets. However, excessive product proliferation's reducing the profit margin has caused increased focus on developing a management method for maximal profit. In a closed-loop supply chain, product proliferation affects the reverse supply chain as well as the forward supply chain. Although increasing the number of product types can better satisfy diverse customer needs, complexity in the product recycling, remanufacturing, and resale processes may erode a firm's overall profits. In this study, we develop a mathematical model for analyzing a capacitated reverse supply chain consisting of a single manufacturer and multiple retailers. We reveal closed-form solutions for the optimal batch size and maximal profit, and discuss managerial insights into how the number of products and other factors can affect both batch size and profit. Finally, we investigate the relationship between product proliferation and the choice of logistics strategy.     

Re-positioning the supplier: an SME perspective

As manufactured products become more complex, their design and manufacturing demands more and more resource which is being increasingly shared between the supply/value chain members. Competition is being typified less by firm versus firm and more by supply chain versus supply chain. The final assemblers are simplifying their supply chain to reduce logistics complexity and provide best value to the final customer. To suppliers, particularly SMEs, this gives rise to both opportunities for increasing 'added value', as well as threats of being dropped from rationalized supplier bases. Historically, SMEs have been sandwiched between large customers and suppliers and have always reacted to their superior bargaining power. Now, if the SMEs want to survive and grow, they have to adopt a more proactive stance to re-position themselves in response to these supply chain trends. In this paper, we present a technique for re-positioning the supplier in terms of'physical value added' and competency/practice-based 'differentiation'. We use the proposed approach to see how one supplier has successfully changed his business and another has developed plans to change, in line with the trends in their industry structure.     

Product universality and design for supply chain management

We describe our experience of developing models in which the principles of design for supply chain management (DFCM) have been implemented for new product development at Hewlett-Packard Company (HP). This experience arises from the development of a new product that is scheduled to be released in 1995. A key design decision faced by the product development team was whether to use a universal module or regionally dedicated modules to satisfy global market requirements. We describe a wide range of factors—including manufacturing and logistics costs—that could be used to support the design decision; these factors associated with product and process design contribute to tolal supply chain costs. We review the analytical model used to evaluate the cost and service implications of the two design alternatives. Finally, we discuss qualitative considerations that might influence the eventual decisions as well as the lessons learned from this real world experience.