建筑节能监管体系中消费者与房地产开发商之间诚信博弈模型

在推行建筑节能政策的流程中,消费者因购买节能或不节能建筑房,与房地产开发商之间产生节能信号博弈,由此机理构建诚信博弈模型。在此模型中,房地产开发商行动在先,消费者行动在后,带来了二者之间诚信博弈的三种均衡状态:诚信均衡、混合均衡与准诚信均衡。通过模型求解推断进行经济解释,房地产开发商应加大诚信宣传力度,向消费者如实传递节能信息,利于消费者正确作出判断,并出价买房,从而推动节能建筑市场良性发展。     

基于非均衡理论的我国房地产市场供求分析

运用非均衡理论和方法,通过构建双曲线计量模型,对1987~2011年我国房地产市场供求状况进行了实证分析。结果表明这25年间我国房地产市场经历了正向非均衡-负向非均衡-基本均衡-正向非均衡等四个阶段,当前房地产市场的非均衡是多种因素造成的。为此,应从总供给管理、区分差别化需求、多层次房地产市场体系构建、改善宏观调控有效性等方面着手,逐步降低当前我国房地产市场的非均衡强度。     

治国理政、财税改革与法治图景———中国语境下财税法律制度之建构简

执政党报告提出了法治是治国理政之基本方式的重要命题。财税体制改革作为中国经济和政治体制改革的突破口和着眼点,被认为是运用法治思维和法治方式来深化改革和推动发展最重要的试金石。经过近30年的努力,中国财税法律制度得以基本建构,财政民主理念、税收法定主义和纳税人权利保护原则等概念谱系得以确立并渐进完善,但在岁入课税、预算支出与财政管理等方面仍然存在诸多理论困境和实践难题。在当前和今后一段时间,财政控权理念、财税均衡主义和精细化绩效预算原则等规范图景会日渐清晰,并将成为新时期财税法治建设的重要目标,引领中国财税法律制度的可持续发展。     

大学生心理平衡、幸福感及社会行为的调查研究

大学生群体是社会各群体中年轻的知识群体，其心理平衡感、幸福感呈现出一定的独特性。在影响大学生心理平衡和幸福感的因素中，以学习、生活、人际交往、择业、恋爱等内容为主，分析该群体心理失衡、幸福感降低的原因，提出应对措施，是高等教育改革应关注的问题。     

补偿与社会系统平衡

社会何以可能是社会理论的中心问题,而社会补偿机制与此密切相关。社会补偿机制内在于社会系统,并维护着社会的一致性。社会系统是个关系系统,深层次上更是一个意义与价值的系统。补偿机制在功能上要实现的就是处理好意义、价值上的冲突和混乱。在一般系统理论的意义上,补偿机制命题和社会系统均衡命题是同一的。     

我国信用卡的费率问题

虽然我国信用卡市场已经得到了长足的发展,但并不成熟,目前还存在许多问题,比如卡的种类繁多但功能雷同,尤其是现在费率问题更为突出。文章通过对我国信用卡的发卡量、消费金额和年费的数据分析,结论是无差异高额的费率既抑止了人们的消费也阻碍了信用卡市场的发展。与此同时,还介绍了国外的信用卡利率模型,以便使我国信用卡的各种费率的确定更趋于科学合理。这可以作为我们今后的研究方向。     

劳动价值论与均衡价格理论之比较研究

马克思的劳动价值论和西方均衡价格理论既有明显区别 ,又不乏相同之处。只有在劳动价值论的基础上 ,强调供求对价格的决定作用 ,才能科学地解释各种经济现象。在市场经济条件下 ,应建立一种既反映商品价值 ,又反映供求关系的灵敏的价格机制     

Arbitrage,rationality, and equilibrium

No-arbitrage is the fundamental principle of economic rationality which unifies normative decision theory, game theory, and market theory. In economic environments where money is available as a medium of measurement and exchange, no-arbitrage is synonymous with subjective expected utility maximization in personal decisions, competitive equilibria in capital markets and exchange economies, and correlated equilibria in noncooperative games. The arbitrage principle directly characterizes rationality at the market level; the appearance of deliberate optimization by individual agents is a consequence of their adaptation to the market. Concepts of equilibrium behavior in games and markets can thus be reconciled with the ideas that individual rationality is bounded, that agents use evolutionarily-shaped decision rules rather than numerical optimization algorithms, and that personal probabilities and utilities are inseparable and to some extent indeterminate. Risk-neutral probability distributions, interpretable as products of probabilities and marginal utilities, play a central role as observable quantities in economic systems.     

On the evaluation of solution concepts

It is proposed that solution concepts for games should be evaluated in a way that is analogous to the way a logic is evaluated by a model theory for the language. A solution concept defines a set of strategy profiles, as a logic defines a set of theorems. A model theoretic analysis for a game defines a class of models, which are abstract representations of particular plays of the game. Given an appropriate definition of a model, one can show that various solution concepts are characterized by intuitively natural classes of models in the same sense that the set of theorems of a logic is characterized by a class of models of the language. Sketches of characterization results of this kind are given for rationalizability, Nash equilibrium, and for a refinement of rationalizability —strong rationalizability — that has some features of an equilibrium concept. It is shown that strong rationalizability is equivalent to Nash equilibrium in perfect information games. Extensions of the model theoretic framework that represent belief revision and that permit the characterization of other solution concepts are explored informally.     

论决策意志与普遍意志的动态平衡态势

人的意志在表现形式上可分为普遍意志与决策意志。普遍意志是决策意志形成的基础 ,决策意志是普遍意志的集中体现。社会规律运作和实现以普遍意志与决策意志的动态平衡态势为客观基础。人类社会呈波浪式的发展以决策意志与普遍意志在形成动态平衡态势过程中的互动为根本原因。正向互动和反向互动对人类社会发展都有积极作用 ,但人们要把争取同向互动作为首要任务 ,原因是激烈的反向互动往往以造成对人类社会和资源环境的严重破坏为代价