Family policy and critical science research: Facilitating change

The principles of critical science for policy research are outlined and one research project is used as a case study. The study was intentionally designed to facilitate changes that would positively influence the economic well-being of children from divorced families. The project uses the critical science processes of public dialogue about child support guidelines for purposes of collaborative problem solving. The normative theories of procedural and distributive justice are used to guide the research reporting. The project contributes to changes in the practices of estimating the income needs of children, changes in estimating the relative monetary contributions of their parents, and proposed legislation and modifications in the state child support guidelines. She received her Ph.D. in family ecology from Michigan State University. Her research interests include the valuing issues of family life quality, family decision making, divorce,and the economic adjustments of families to economic stressors. She received her M.A. degree in Family Education from the University of Minnesota. Her research interests include decision making and parenting. She received her Ph.D. degree in anthropology from the University of Minnesota. Her research interests include social and cultural change and the integration of research findings into public policy decision making.     

The continuing relevance of casework ideas to long-term child protection work

This paper is a personal reflection on how casework ideas have informed my own practice. Traditional social work is under threat. Casework, which was once a core method of working in social work, is particularly vulnerable because it has become a private, personal activity that is often misunderstood. It still has its followers but it is hard to find any modern accounts of casework practice. This paper attempts to remedy this by describing the application of casework ideas to work with families following registration of a child on the child protection register. The casework approach is described and illustrated using two case examples. This shows that casework with involuntary clients remains an important method of working but there are inherent constraints within the statutory role which limit what social workers can achieve in terms of therapy or in tackling poverty and inequality. This is followed by a discussion of contemporary social work practice and ideas for ways forward.     

Between a rock and a hard place: the role of relatives in protecting children from the effects of parental drug problems

Using qualitative data gathered from 62 problem drug using parents in Glasgow, Scotland, this paper explores the role played by the extended family in protecting children from some of the negative effects of parental drug use. However, the data also indicated that the intervention of the extended family, whilst often critical, was not without its tensions and difficulties for parents, for the extended family and for the children too. What seemed to obtain in most cases was a complex and volatile mix of practical and emotional concerns over children's appropriate care and issues of responsibility and obligation to the child. These in turn were overlaid by expressions of anxiety, worry, anger and disappointment over both the parent's drug problem and its profound effect on the family. Strained family dynamics and a lack of a supportive welfare infrastructure can all compromise the ability of kin to provide a stable, nurturing environment for children over time. In a worst case scenario it can lead to a breakdown of these care arrangements, leaving these already vulnerable children exposed to further rupture, emotional damage and instability. If we are to avoid such outcomes it is crucial that we first identify and then work to rectify those factors that compromise the abilities of extended family carers to look after these children both in the short and the longer term.     

庐陵古村群存在的支撑--江西古村落群建筑特色研究之二

近年来,古庐陵地区通过发掘整理,涌现出了流坑、渼陂、钓源、湴塘等众多古村,从这些历史悠久的古村群里,透视出了古庐陵地区昔日的政治经济状况,以及璀璨夺目的名人文化和古建筑文化.这些村落之所以能保留至今,古庐陵地区深厚的文化底蕴、优越的地理环境条件以及先进的建筑营造技术,是它们存在的支撑.     

宜昌市中小企业发展与金融支持问题研究

由于各方面的原因 ,目前宜昌市中小企业发展与金融支持存在的主要问题与障碍是资金不足且借贷难和金融服务滞后。因此 ,必须努力构建全方位、多层次的中小企业发展与金融支持体系     

加大金融支持、促进新农村建设的对策研究

建设社会主义新农村是新时期的重大课题,新农村建设迫切需要金融支持。而农村金融近几年出现了市场萎缩、资金外流、服务手段落后、民间融资规模过大等问题,严重阻碍了新农村建设对金融的需求。因此,要加快农村金融机构的改革步伐、建立多元化的金融组织、促进小额贷款规模的扩大、加快农村金融立法、促进新农村建设。     

Physical Discipline and Behavior Problems in African American,European American,and Hispanic Children: Emotional Support as a Moderator

Using data collected over a 6‐year period on a sample of 1,039 European American children, 550 African American children, and 401 Hispanic children from the children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, this study assessed whether maternal emotional support of the child moderates the relation between spanking and behavior problems. Children were 4–5 years of age in the first of 4 waves of data used (1988, 1990, 1992, 1994). At each wave, mothers reported their use of spanking and rated their children's behavior problems. Maternal emotional support of the child was based on interviewer observations conducted as part of the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment. For each of the 3 racial‐ethnic groups, spanking predicted an increase in the level of problem behavior over time, controlling for income‐needs ratio and maternal emotional support. Maternal emotional support moderated the link between spanking and problem behavior. Spanking was associated with an increase in behavior problems over time in the context of low levels of emotional support, but not in the context of high levels of emotional support. This pattern held for all 3 racial‐ethnic groups.     

晋冀鲁豫边区政府土地改革政策研究

解放战争时期 ,晋冀鲁豫边区政府坚决贯彻《中国土地法大纲》 ,因地制宜 ,坚持一切从实际出发 ,制定了一系列土地改革的具体政策 ,使边区政府辖区内土改工作有章可循 ,有法可依。由于政策明确 ,办法具体 ,有力地推动和保证了土地改革运动的顺利进展 ,最终起到了动员群众、争取中国革命最后胜利之目的。     

太行山隧道进口浅埋围岩段开挖支护技术

主要介绍太行山隧道进口浅埋围岩段开挖与支护技术，新技术、新工艺、新机具、新材料“四新”技术在该围岩段的应用，以及通过监控量测对围岩开挖支护参数进行调整和修正，优化施工方案，指导施工。     

Multilevel Factors Influencing Maternal Stress During the First Three Years

This prospective study applies family stress theory to the influence of personal, child, and familial factors on a mother's parenting stress during the first 3 years of her infant's life. Participants included 134 mothers and their infants at ages 1, 6, 15, 24, and 36 months from one site of a multisite, longitudinal study. Mother's personality was most predictive of parenting stress cross‐sectionally and longitudinally. Intimacy with partner reduced parenting stress early in the infant's life and at 36 months, whereas general social support was more important in the second year. Child temperament was influential at 1 and 36 months. Counterintuitively, mothers who were more satisfied with work or school choices were more likely to be chronically stressed. Implications are discussed.