我国资本外逃的规模测算及动因分析

由于转轨期产权制度不完善、对内外资的差别待遇、私人财产保护制度不健全和财政赤字政策等制度性因素,我国出现了大规模的资本外逃现象。为防范和控制资本外逃,应通过健全现代产权制度、取消外资的"超国民待遇"等制度措施减弱资本外逃的动机,以及通过加强金融监管、严厉打击地下银行等措施对资本外逃的渠道加以截堵。     

中央与地方政府关系对公共资源配置影响的时空分析--以交通基础设施发展为例

把与交通基础设施发展相关的权力进行分类,提出权力时空尺度的概念,并把权力的时空尺度具体化为权力主体与客体的时间尺度和空间尺度。从时空的角度形成中央与地方政府关系对公共资源配置影响的解释框架,通过逻辑推理和实证研究的方法对理论进行验证,可知在交通基础设施发展中,权力主体与客体的时空关系在很大程度上决定着公共资源的配置效率,通过权力的尺度重组分别实现事权、财权、行政首长任免权和监督权主、客体时空尺度的匹配,有助于提高公共资源的配置效率。我国目前应进一步完善基层人大制度,在更大程度上实现地方政府与当地公众的激励相容;进一步加强中央政府对地方政府的合法性监督。     

Sovereignty at What Scale? An Inquiry into Multiple Dimensions of Food Sovereignty

Abstract

Food sovereignty has struggled to make inroads into changing the structures and processes underlying the corporate food regime. One reason is that scale is still underspecified in the politics, strategies, and theories of food sovereignty. We suggest that much can be learned from examining the multiple dimensions of scale inherent in ongoing food sovereignty struggles. A gap exists between these in vivo experiments and the maturing academic theory of scale. The concept of ‘sovereignty’ can be opened up to reveal that movements, peoples, and communities, for example, are creating multiple sovereignties and are exercising sovereignty in more relational ways. Relational scale can aid movements and scholars to map and evaluate how spatial and temporal processes at and among various levels work to reinforce dominant agri-food systems but could also be reconfigured to support progressive alternatives. Finally, we apply relational scale to suggest practical strategies for realizing food sovereignty, using examples from the Potato Park in the Peruvian Andes.     

Translating the Politics of Food Sovereignty: Digging into Contradictions,Uncovering New Dimensions

Abstract

Food sovereignty, as a movement and a set of ideas, is coming of age. Rooted in resistance to free trade and the globalizing force of neoliberalism, the concept has inspired collective action across the world. We examine what has changed since food sovereignty first emerged on the international scene and reflect on insight from new terrain where the movement has expanded. We argue that to advance the theory and practice of food sovereignty, new frameworks and analytical methods are needed to move beyond binaries—between urban and rural, gender equality and the family farm, trade and localism, and autonomy and engagement with the state. A research agenda in food sovereignty must not shy away from the rising contradictions in and challenges to the movement. The places of seeming contradiction may in fact be where the greatest insights are to be found. We suggest that by taking a relational perspective, scholars can begin to draw insight into the challenges and sticking points of food sovereignty by training their lens on shifts in the global food regime, on the efforts to construct sovereignty at multiple scales, and on the points of translation where food sovereignty is articulated through historical memory, identity, and everyday life.     

无雇佣化的商品化：家庭农场的发展机制分析 ——基于皖南平镇粮食家庭农场的调研

家庭农场产生于土地规模流转的基础上,是现代农业的一种表现形式。本文基于皖南平镇粮食家庭农场的调研,总结了家庭农场的三种生成路径：资本大户分包、返乡青年创业以及农村种植大户转化。现阶段家庭农场呈现出主要劳动力来自家庭内部,原始积累来自农业之外,规模具有伸缩性及促进分工细化的特征,其实践体现出农业生产“无雇佣化的商品化”过程,即家庭农场一方面显著提高了农业商品化的程度,另一方面依然以家庭劳动力为基础,少雇佣且无雇佣经理人。家庭农场是小农经济发展的高级形态。现阶段家庭农场的发展宜注重小农经济的连续性,政策上给以家庭农场规模弹性的空间并促进社会化服务体系的完善。     

行政审批制度改革、企业所有权性质与企业投资效率

使用中国上市公司2001-2012年的数据,以企业固定资产和无形资产投资为主要研究对象,建立相关的数学模型,采用多元回归方法,实证分析了行政审批制度改革对企业投资规模和投资效率的影响.研究发现,在控制了其他因素以后,行政审批制度改革能显著提高企业的投资规模,与企业投资规模的提高呈非线性关系,并且其对非国有控股企业的影响更大.但是行政审批制度改革并没有提高企业的投资效率,而是降低了企业的投资效率.     

农业劳动力转移对农业生产的影响研究

农业劳动力转移促进了农民增收并推动农村和城市经济社会发展,但也带来了农村劳动力资源流失问题.当转移劳动力边际生产率大于零时,转移会减少农村总产出.通过模型分析了农业劳动力转移对社会整体产出的影响,从农业劳动力转移数量应有合理规模的视角,对四川省这一劳动力转移和农业生产大省进行了实证研究,发现四川农业产出随转移数量变化呈现出分阶段特点,分析认为2004年是转折点,转移规模达到了合理水平,此后增加的转移量对农业生产影响较大,建议四川农业劳动力转移规模应得到合理控制,以确保粮食主产区的粮食安全.     

市级政府规模的影响因素实证分析——以安徽省为例

以安徽省16个地级市为研究样本,将其分为皖中、皖南和皖北3个区域,分别考察其政府规模变动的影响因素及影响程度。研究表明,财政分权、地方竞争、经济发展水平和贸易开放程度这四个因素对不同区域存在着不同影响;基于以上研究结果,提出了优化安徽省地级市政府规模的相关建议。     

D-optimal Factorial Designs under Generalized Linear Models

Generalized linear models (GLMs) have been used widely for modeling the mean response both for discrete and continuous random variables with an emphasis on categorical response. Recently Yang, Mandal and Majumdar (2013 Yang, J., Mandal, A., Majumdar, D. (2013). Optimal designs for 2^k factorial experiments with binary response. Technical Report, Available at: http://arxiv.org/pdf/1109.5320v4.pdf. [Google Scholar]) considered full factorial and fractional factorial locally D-optimal designs for binary response and two-level experimental factors. In this article, we extend their results to a general setup with response belonging to a single-parameter exponential family and for multilevel predictors.     

论国债政策的运用

近年,我国国债规模迅速并大幅度增长,财政的国债依存度偏高,但继续运用国债政策,适度扩大国债规模,不仅有现实必要性,而且也有现实可能性。国债政策运用当然存在风险,但风险大小的关键不在于国债规模,而在于国债资金的使用是否有效和高效,是否较快地促进了国民经济的发展。