同意的困境——基于以同意理论证成政府家长式干预的视角

在自由主义语境中,对政府家长式干预行为可行性的分析诉诸于对个人意愿真实性的探求,而同意理论作为个人意愿的有效表达方式成为家长主义和反家长主义者论辩的重点。但是,由于同意本身所具有的局限性,使得通过诉诸于个人意愿的方式证成政府家长式干预行为的路径遭遇了不可避免的困境。     

Strategies,Action Repertoires and DIY Activism in the Animal Rights Movement

Following Tilly, this paper argues that a social movement is what it does as much as why it does it. This approach is particularly important in the case of the animal rights movement, which is often demonized as extremist and violent. Critics of the movement claim that animal activists use letter bombs, arson attacks and threats to intimidate those they see as animal abusers and that violent direct action of this kind is typical of the movement as a whole. The present paper argues that the mainstream animal movement – in the USA, the UK and Australia – is overwhelmingly non-violent and that its core strategies and tactics have two broad aims, namely to gain publicity for the movement and to challenge conventional thinking about how we treat non-human animals. This is achieved primarily by the deployment of the key tactical mechanisms of persuasion, protest, non-cooperation and intervention. These tactics may be deployed collectively or as DIY (Do-It-Yourself) activism which many grassroots animal activists – ‘caring sleuths’ to use Shapiro's apt term – seem to prefer. The paper focuses on demonstrations and pamphleteering as examples of publicity strategies or liberal governance strategies as well as critical governance strategies or interference strategies such as the hunger strike, ethical vegetarianism and undercover surveillance.     

Effort-reward imbalance and work-home interference: a two-wave study among European male nurses

ABSTRACT

This one-year follow-up study among 1,421 male nurses from seven European countries tested the validity of the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) model in predicting prospective vital exhaustion and work-home interference. We hypothesised that effort and lack of reward would have both main and interactive effects on future outcomes. Results of structural equation modelling (SEM) showed that effort was positively related to exhaustion and work-home interference, both simultaneously and over time. Lack of reward predicted increased exhaustion at follow-up, but effort-reward imbalance did not influence the outcomes. Additionally, Time 1 exhaustion predicted increased work-home interference and exhaustion at follow-up. These results do not support the ERI model, which postulates a primacy of effort-reward imbalance over main effects. Instead, the findings are in line with dual path models of job stress and work-home interference. Multi-group SEM showed partial cross-cultural metric invariance for the ERI measure of effort, but the ERI measure of rewards showed no metric measurement invariance, indicating its meaning is qualitatively different across cultures. Nevertheless, the main conclusions were markedly similar for each national sub-sample. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our study.     

临床X射线相衬成像研究进展

X射线相衬成像在提高人体软组织成像的衬度分辨率及空间分辨率研究中具有潜在优势,是一项有着广阔发展前景的技术。它利用空间相干X射线投过物体后携带的相位信息进行成像,在临床上适用于软组织物体,可以减少吸收剂量,进而减轻病人的辐射损伤。本文详述了当今几种典型的X射线相衬成像方法,包括X射线干涉相衬,衍射增强相衬以及类同轴相衬的成像原理以及发展历程。通过对比表明了几种成像方法的优缺点。最后对临床X射线相衬成像有待解决的问题作了分析。     

母语干扰对中日同形词理解与翻译的影响

日语中的汉字词多源于我国,其中大量汉字词词义与汉语相同,但也不乏词义相异之词。在教学中我们发现,正由于母语与日语中均存在同形词的“共同点”,导致学生往往“望文生义”,忽视部分词义相同或词义完全不同的同形词,造成误用和误译现象。本文就初级日语教学中经常出现的中日同形词误用及误译例,分析其在中日文不同语境中的用法,阐述在教学中排除母语干扰,转换思维,正确理解同形词对促进语言提高的重要性。     

压抑——男性知识分子现代性的基本体验

文学的现代性,以对主体性的自由和生存本真性的追求为要旨,现代文学是对抗压抑的文学,压抑正是现代性的基本体验.男性的阉割焦虑,是在整个海派男作家的作品中普遍存在的,其实它具有更加广泛的普遍性,五四文学、沈从文和废名的小说、郁达夫和郭沫若的创作及革命文学等作家和流派中都可以找到它的身影.现代知识分子对传统文化的背叛是第一重焦虑.被女权阉割而男权去势的恐惧是第二重焦虑.阉割产生的最根本原因是社会生产方式和经济形态的转变.知识分子生存能力的下降是阉割心理产生的直接原因.     

破产欺诈犯罪立法研究

破产欺诈犯罪是破产犯罪中最严重、最典型的犯罪。英美法系和大陆法系的很多国家都做了规定。在我国大陆,破产欺诈犯罪可以适用的罪名是刑法第162条妨害清算罪,和《刑法修正案(六)》第六条的虚假破产罪。通过考察国外立法,以期对我国立法完善有所帮助。      

略论隋炀帝的历史功绩

隋炀帝虽为暴君,但仍作出不少影响当时及后代的重大功绩,因此可以说炀帝是个功过参半、可褒可贬的君主。     

体育教学中运动技能形成的迁移与干扰

在体育运动中,无论是单项运动还是综合运动,都是一项系统工程,本文通过在体育教学中运动技能形成的迁移与干扰规律,从生理学和心理学的角度,对此规律进行探讨。     

政府干预经济思想的逻辑起点——兼与徐广军先生商榷

本文以从理论上系统阐述政府干预经济的必然性为依据,主要分析了政府干预经济思想的两个逻辑起点,并对徐广军先生的观点提出了自己的看法。