90年代散文创作个性化与社会背景

90年代散文创作的多样化、个性化,是以巨大的社会变革为背景的.这种创作的个性化,不是指作者对狭小自我的渲染,而是以个性化的表述方式向读者传达其对世界、人生、自我的独立的深层思索.它往往带有明显的群体性烙印.国家的政治环境、文艺策略是散文创作个性化的基本保障.     

人类绩效技术及其在企业中的应用

人类绩效技术(Human Performance Technology,简称HPT)是近几年发展很快的新兴领域。其显著的实践指导价值,使人类绩效技术受到管理学界及商业界越来越多的关注。但在国内,它还是一个相对陌生的领域。本文重点评论这一学科的基本内容、框架,以及在提高企业绩效方面的操作模型,并突出绩效技术的系统性原则和实践性原则。     

大学英语专业阅读课程语言习得探讨

阅读课程是了解英语语言文化习俗的重要渠道,也是学生习得第二语言并加强运用语言能力的重要手段.语言习得是外语语言学习中的一个重要因素,对英语阅读课程的教学也有很大影响.明确语法习得的重要性,及时排除文化干扰,可以明显提高阅读课程的教学质量和学生学习效果,帮助他们全面掌握和运用英语.     

偏振光干涉的相位差

关于偏振光干涉的相位差有两类不同的算法,文章对此进行了对比讨论,指出正确掌握两类算法中对各项取值的不同规定,避免发生错误。     

日语词汇教学实践中的汉文化干扰问题探讨

语言不会孤立存在。它扎根于民族文化之中,反映出一个民族的社会环境和人文情感;忽视语言背后的关联文化,就难以真正理解语言。在词汇教学中,仅从字词的基本性质、词义等词法层面来做解释是片面和危险的,这会延误学习者文化时机的把握,容易导致模糊认知和片面理解,并最终影响到具体的语言实践。通过例举教学中汉文化干扰的实例,分析其产生的原因,并就汉文化干扰性事实提出应对措施。     

西方政府经济学的嬗变及其对中国宏观治理的影响分析

政府干预从来都是与市场机制相对应的经济调控手段。当前西方的政府理论已经从国家个体回归到了个人本位的路径,但对于转型期的中国来说,尤其应该加强而不是削弱政府的干预。总的战略是反对全盘自由主义、反对国家干预弱化,但同时政府又要“有所为有所不为”。我国政府干预失灵一方面是因为市场发育的先天不足,更重要的是因为政府发育的不完善。这表现在政府层级多、成本高、效率低,政府机构改革滞后于经济体制改革。因此,构建中国特色的宏观调控和政府干预模式成为当前的必然选择。     

韦纳的归因训练理论模式及其实施

归因训练在近年来一直是西方心理学界十分重视的研究课题 ,它为人类行为的控制提供了一条新的途径 ,并广泛地应用到心理现象研究的各个领域。韦纳的归因训练模式主要将期望的和不期望的成败结果归因于动机和情绪 ,其应用主要集中在成就范围内 ;综合西方有关的研究并结合我国的具体情况 ,在学校情景中实施归因训练包括三方面的内容 :选择对象 ,教育干预和效果测量     

第二语言习得的思考

比较母语学习与第二语言习得学习外语 ,可以看到学习外语必须强化记忆 ,强调语法 ,强调比较 ,强调实践     

Competitive exclusion through reproductive interference

Summary A simple differential equation model was developed to describe the competitive interaction that may occur between species through reproductive interference. The model has the form comparable to Volterra's competition equations, and the graphical analysis of the outcome of the two-species interaction based on its zero-growth isoclines proved that: (1) The possible outcome in this model, as in usual models of resource competition, is either stable coexistence of both species or gradual exclusion of one species by the other, depending critically upon the values of the activity overlapping coefficientc _ij ; (2) but, for the samec _ij -values, competitive exclusion is much more ready to occur here than in resource competition; (3) and moreover, the final result of the competition is always dependent on the initial-condition due to its non-linear isoclines, i.e., even under the parameter condition that generally allows both species to coexist, an extreme bias in intial density to one species can readily cause subsequent complete exclusion of its counterparts. Thus, it may follow that the reproductive interference is likely to be working in nature as an efficient mechanism to bring about habitat partitioning in either time or space between some closely related species in insect communities, even though they inhabit heterogeneous habitats where resource competition rarely occurs so that they could otherwise attain steady coexistence.     

Work-home interference: How does it manifest itself from day to day?

Although work-home interference (WHI) refers to a process of negative interaction between the work and home domains, little attention has been paid to the actual processes involved in the within-person, day-to-day management of work and home. Therefore, this study investigated if, and how, a global report for the individual, of WHI (i.e., a general indicator of experienced WHI) is reflected in daily reports of WHI, in employees' daily activity patterns in the work and home domain, and in their daily health and well-being. Effort-Recovery theory (Meijman & Mulder, 1998) provided the theoretical basis for this study. Data were collected among 120 academic staff members (62% male) who completed a general questionnaire, addressing global WHI as well as demographical information, and who also participated in a 5-day daily diary study. WHI was measured using the 8-item WHI subscale of the Survey Work-home Interaction Nijmegen (SWING), with an adapted version being used for the diary studies. Results showed that global WHI: (1) was positively related to daily WHI; (2) was positively related to the time spent daily on overtime work in the evening; (3) was negatively related to the time spent daily on low-effort activities; and (4) was positively related to daily fatigue and sleep complaints. We conclude that Effort-Recovery theory seems promising for the study of WHI, and that diary studies are valuable, as these provide detailed insight into what global reports of WHI actually signify from day to day.