高斯定理的理解与应用

文章论述了高斯定理源于库仑定律，依赖于场强叠加原理，场强通量与场线通量均遵从高斯定理；高斯面上的场强是其内外所考虑的电荷产生的合场强；构建体系高斯面，局部高斯面求解场强问题。     

Estimating Contaminant Dose for Intermittent Dermal Contact: Model Development, Testing, and Application

Assessments of aggregate exposure to pesticides and other surface contamination in residential environments are often driven by assumptions about dermal contacts. Accurately predicting cumulative doses from realistic skin contact scenarios requires characterization of exposure scenarios, skin surface loading and unloading rates, and contaminant movement through the epidermis. In this article we (1) develop and test a finite-difference model of contaminant transport through the epidermis; (2) develop archetypal exposure scenarios based on behavioral data to estimate characteristic loading and unloading rates; and (3) quantify 24-hour accumulation below the epidermis by applying a Monte Carlo simulation of these archetypal exposure scenarios. The numerical model, called Transient Transport through the epiDERMis (TTDERM), allows us to account for variable exposure times and time between exposures, temporal and spatial variations in skin and compound properties, and uncertainty in model parameters. Using TTDERM we investigate the use of a macro-activity parameter (cumulative contact time) for predicting daily (24-hour) integrated uptake of pesticides during complex exposure scenarios. For characteristic child behaviors and hand loading and unloading rates, we find that a power law represents the relationship between cumulative contact time and cumulative mass transport through the skin. With almost no loss of reliability, this simple relationship can be used in place of the more complex micro-activity simulations that require activity data on one- to five-minute intervals. The methods developed in this study can be used to guide dermal exposure model refinements and exposure measurement study design.     

室内设计中点线面要素的应用研究

“设计”是一个经常使用的概念,设计是在明确目的指导下的有意识的创造。室内设计是人们在满足自身需求的基础上对建筑的内部空间进行合理的功能划分、技术创新,以及艺术上的审美观的综合设计。点、线、面是作为构成抽象形态造型的要素,空间构成的基本单位。在室内设计中,点、线、面处处可见,它们之间相互影响、相互陪衬、相互烘托、相互存在、相互作用。文章从室内设计的风格、室内陈设的研究出发,对室内设计中点、线、面的运用进行思考分析。     

Conditions for fourth order rotatability in K dimensions

In this paper, conditions for a set of points to form a rotatable design of order four have been worked out. These condi- tions form the basis for obtaining a set of rotatable designs of order four.     

SAR的海洋遥感探测技术综述

从研究SAR的海洋遥感探测重要性和基本特点出发,概述了SAR系统的海洋遥感探测技术所涉及的主要研究内容,针对海洋环境要素分布的随机性和时变性,研究了海面微波散射特性和SAR的海面成像机理,给出了研究结果;分析了SAR系统主要特点,提出研究包括系统的宽测绘带特性和雷达的弱信号获取、海面精确成像算法和时空相关性等方面;同时探讨了海洋目标检测的技术途径,以满足SAR系统海洋观测应用的需要.     

Minimization of model inadequacy when observations subject to shift in means and variances

In this article optimality of experimental design for fitting a lower-order polynomial to a higher order response function for the situation in which observations may be subject to shift in means as well as in variances is considered. It is found that Karson, Manson and Hader‘s (1969) optimum designs provide pro-tection, in some sense, against model inadequacies even when observations are subject to shift in means and variances.     

A simpler way of obtaining non-sIngularity conditions of rotatability

In response surface designs, it is not usually easy to handle the moment matrix X'X, especially for higher orders. This paper presents a method in which the moment matrix of a response surface of any order can be standardized, i.e., X'X splits into a diagonal matrix consisting of sub-matrices of lower order. This eases the calculation of the determinant and the inverse of X'X. The method has been illustrated with applications to second, third and fourth order response surfaces.     

Cutting Experimental Designs into Blocks

Most experimental material in agriculture and industry is heterogeneous in nature and therefore its statistical analysis benefits from blocking. Many experiments are restricted in time or space, and again blocking is useful. This paper adopts the idea of orthogonal blocking of Box & Hunter (1957) and applies it to optimal blocking designs. This approach is then compared with the determinant-based approach described in the literature for constructing block designs.     

SAW振荡器的相位噪声分析

声表面波振荡器是一种典型的反馈振荡器。根据Ｌｅｅｓｏｎ反馈振荡器相位噪声模型，分析了ＳＡＷ振荡器的相位噪声特点，特别是不同的ＳＡＷ反馈元件，分析结果表明不同的ＳＡＷ反馈元件通常有不同的相位噪声特点。还讨论了降低相位噪声电平，提高振荡器的谱密度的方法和途径     

用灰色模型预测碳钢表面合金化处理后的耐腐蚀性能

用灰色理论对经表面合金化处理后的碳钢进行耐腐蚀性能预测；就已完成的实际课题，运用灰色理论加以验证、探讨；结果表明，这一预测方法对金属材料耐腐蚀试验有指导意义，并具实用价值。