基于委托一代理的高校科研项目管理激励建模研究

如何制定激励机制是高校科研项目管理的重要问题。本文基于委托一代理理论,建立了教师参与项目成果分享的激励模型,分析了在信息对称和信息非对称两种情况下的最优代理合同。分析结果表明,在信息对称情况下,存在帕累托最优合同,教师不承担项目风险,分享的项目成果份额为零;在信息不对称情况下,教师承担的风险水平、分享的科研成果份额与其风险规避度负相关,教师越规避风险,分享的成果份额越小。     

论表见代理中的两个问题

表见代理的构成要件及其效力问题,直接关系到本人、无权代理人、相对人的权利、义务和责任.过失责任的基本归责原则,在民法中居于极为重要的支配地位,将本人具有过错作为表见代理的构成要件之一,更具有合理性.民事行为的效力有四种情形,即有效、无效、可撤销和效力未定,将表见代理的效力规定为有效,在民法理论体系上有无法克服的矛盾,若视其为可撤销的民事行为,则可较好地平衡本人和相对人之间的利益,也可保持民法理论体系的前后一致性.     

公司治理结构的理论基础：完全契约和不完全契约的比较分析

现代契约理论是近20年来发展起来的主流经济学最前沿的研究领域,而公司治理结构问题近年来也已成为企业理论研究的主要对象,围绕公司治理结构的理论诠释,不同的契约理论分支有着不同的观点,本文对于完全契约和不完全契约的理论框架在关于公司治理结构这一问题上的差别和融合进行比较分析,同时也对不同契约理论有关公司治理结构的研究进行了梳理并给子了简要的评述。     

MAS环境下实现Agent交互协作的关键技术

讨论了MAS环境下实现Agent交互协作的关键性问题。在分析Agent协同设计目标的基础上,将遗传算法应用于子任务的调度,提高了Agent协同工作的效率。应用Agent的通信语言建立了一个基于知识查询与操纵语言的Agent通信模型,通过引入Agent位置追踪和Agent消息缓存机制解决了Agent移动过程中遇到的位置追踪和通信失效问题。     

国际工程多代理系统中的代理沟通机制

在信息技术应用相对落后的建筑业,多代理系统理论开辟了一个研究领域。通过对基于互联网的国际工程信息系统的研究,提出一套多代理系统(multi-agent system,MAS)的国际工程代理沟通机制。该研究成果加快了多代理系统从理论研究到实际应用的进展,为多代理系统在国际工程领域的应用提供了理论支持,同时对类似的多代理系统设计具有实际参考价值。     

Adaptive agent-based manufacturing control and its application to flow shop routing control

The manufacturing industry is currently facing unprecedented challenges from changes and disturbances. The sources of these changes and disturbances are of different scope and magnitude. They can be of a commercial nature, or linked to fast product development and design, or purely operational (e.g. rush order, machine breakdown, material shortage etc.). In order to meet these requirements it is increasingly important that a production operation be flexible and is able to adapt to new and more suitable ways of operating. This paper focuses on a new strategy for enabling manufacturing control systems to adapt to changing conditions both in terms of product variation and production system upgrades. The approach proposed is based on two key concepts: (1) An autonomous and distributed approach to manufacturing control based on multi-agent methods in which so called operational agents represent the key physical and logical elements in the production environment to be controlled – for example, products and machines and the control strategies that drive them and (2) An adaptation mechanism based around the evolutionary concept of replicator dynamics which updates the behaviour of newly formed operational agents based on historical performance records in order to be better suited to the production environment. An application of this approach for route selection of similar products in manufacturing flow shops is developed and is illustrated in this paper using an example based on the control of an automobile paint shop.     

无纸化条件下的证券法律关系分析

证券无纸化后,证券法律关系发生了很大的变化。无纸化条件下证券的主要法律关系可以概括为＂四方主体＋三大法律关系＂。投资人与发行人间的法律关系因持有模式的不同而相异;发行人、投资人与证券登记机构之间的法律关系分别为证券登记法律关系和证券存管法律关系,随着中央证券登记结算机构的出现,证券登记和证券存管逐渐趋同;投资人与证券经纪商（直接中介商）之间的关系总体上是一种民事代理关系,这些关系的具体内容由当事人之间的约定和有关法律法规等规范性文件的规定共同确定,具有约定性和法定性双重属性。     

Agency Problems between Managers and Employees in Nonprofit Organizations: A Discrete Choice Experiment

Most principal–agent literature of nonprofit organizations has focused on the relationship between board members and managers. However, in addition to the role as an agent of the board, the manager also performs a role as principal with respect to the nonprofit employees. By using a discrete choice experiment, we identify the objectives of managers and employees in nonprofit organizations and assess the presence of agency problems in this relationship. Our sample consists of 76 headmasters, 161 teachers, and 39 administrative employees in 74 secondary nonprofit schools in Belgium. We find that the six objectives set out in the experiment play an important role for both headmasters and subordinate staff. However, the results also indicate that some of these objectives are significantly more important for the headmasters. In sum, our results suggest that agency theory and stewardship theory are not necessarily in conflict with each other but can be combined into a more general governance framework for nonprofit organizations. Consequently, we argue that incentive structures that incorporate different types of objectives can facilitate the recruitment and retention of employees in nonprofit organizations.     

论代理契约中决策方案的设计与选择

本文论述了以博奕关系简化复杂的代理关系,用必然等值评估代理人的优先选择曲线,根据代理人优先选择曲线的类型,分析代理人的风险态度,据以设计相应的激励方案的方法与过程.     

中小企业学习代理机制研究

学习代理是企业通过学习代理人从外部知识源获取知识,并在组织内部分享知识进而改变组织知识基以获取竞争优势的过程.文章首先归纳了中小企业三类关键的学习代理人,即企业家个体、精英、群体;其次,结合企业实际分别给出企业在知识获取阶段和知识分享阶段中不同类型的学习代理模式,并构建了学习代理的两阶段过程模型;深入剖析了学习代理人获取知识以及组织内部分享知识的内在机制.研究结论表明,中小企业要想通过学习代理进一步提升组织的学习绩效,必须在学习代理的不同阶段及时推动学习代理人角色的转化以及知识的转移.