论审美惊奇的实现方式

审美惊奇的实现有多种方式，心理过程也比较复杂，但一般而言，审美惊奇有三种常见的实现方式：一见而惊；不惊奇→惊奇；惊奇→不惊奇→惊奇。论文只是通过对三种常见方式的分析，使我们得以窥见审美惊奇产生时一般的心理历程。     

What's in the Drawer?

ABSTRACT

Much current museum theory and practice emphasizes the importance of storytelling and the inclusion of multiple perspectives in richly layered museum interpretations, with a key objective being the elicitation of empathy for the lives and personal interactions of people in other times and places. Yet in the process museum objects themselves can often appear to recede in significance, appearing as little more than illustrations rather than the complex, material entities they actually are. This article explores the power of objects and of active ways of discovering them, in the setting of the University of Oxford's Pitt Rivers Museum. Visitors can open glass-topped drawers underneath a number of the display cases and find themselves gazing on artifacts in storage: some with museum labels visible and legible, others not. This discovery of the objects is actively performed and, while objects cannot be removed for handling, facilitates their imagined, non-visual exploration. It is also a process in which, the article suggests, proprioception is of particular interest. Overall the drawers offer, the article submits, the possibility for variously pleasing, alienating, surprising, or reassuring encounters with the potential to enhance the museum experience.     

Optimally and computations for relative surprise inferences

Relative surprise inferences are based on how beliefs change from a priori to a posteriori. As they are based on the posterior distribution of the integrated likelihood, inferences of this type are invariant under relabellings of the parameter of interest. The authors demonstrate that these inferences possess a certain optimality property. Further, they develop computational techniques for implementing them, provided that algorithms are available to sample from the prior and posterior distributions.     

中国古典诗词的神秘之美

本文主要论述中国古典诗词中一种特殊美感即神秘之美的诗学呈现。神话或历史题材的诗词作品尤其具有迷离惝恍的神秘美感。还有不少作品是以神秘的人物形象将诗人迷茫心境对象化从而产生神秘美感。更有诸多作品是以诗歌神秘意境的创造来展现难以言说又令人神往的神秘之美。中国古代诗学以诗的不可言说为最高的美学要求,这是中国诗词具有神秘之美的重要原因。中国诗学一向注重人与造化宇宙的相融相通,而生命本身的神秘亦使诗词具有了神秘之美。中国诗学对诗词意象所蕴涵的时空转换的灵动幻觉也颇多论述,这也足见中国古典诗词具有神秘之美的渊源。诗人感兴思维的偶然性也是中国古典诗词具有神秘美感的原因。中国诗词所呈现的神秘之美,往往还会引发接受者审美的惊奇与震撼。     

The Pleasures of Surprise: The Picturesque Garden in France

Abstract

Reexamining the eighteenth-century French picturesque garden, the author argues that patrons, designers, and theoreticians appropriated the most seductive form of entertainment – the gambling session – to animate the picturesque garden stroll. The garden emerges as a sophisticated game where natural and artificial qualities of the designed landscapes were geared to produce the “pleasures of surprise.” Strolling thus emerges as a multi-sensorial experience predicated on the performance of surprise. The act of being surprised was transient, an evanescent reaction that startled conventional appearances, but it is exactly this ephemeral moment that was considered emotionally authentic. The performance of surprise thus re-ordered the sensibilities of both patrons and visitors so that the picturesque garden became a venue to develop a “sixth” sense, Taste, the ability to exercise aesthetic discernment.     

Time Consistency of Fiscal and Monetary Policy: A Solution

This paper demonstrates how time consistency of the Ramsey policy—the optimal fiscal and monetary policy under commitment—can be achieved. Each government should leave its successor with a unique maturity structure for nominal and indexed debt, such that the marginal benefit of a surprise inflation exactly balances the marginal cost. Unlike in earlier papers on the topic, the result holds for quite general Ramsey policies, including time‐varying polices with positive inflation and positive nominal interest rates. We compare our results with those in Persson, Persson, and Svensson (1987), Calvo and Obstfeld (1990), and Alvarez, Kehoe, and Neumeyer (2004).     

On confidence bounds for one-parameter exponential families

There exist various methods for providing confidence intervals for unknown parameters of interest on the basis of a random sample. Generally, the bounds are derived from a system of non-linear equations. In this article, we present a general solution to obtain an unbiased confidence interval with confidence coefficient 1 ? α in one-parameter exponential families. Also we discuss two Bayesian credible intervals, the highest posterior density (HPD) and relative surprise (RS) credible intervals. Standard criteria like the coverage length and coverage probability are used to assess the performance of the HPD and RS credible intervals. Simulation studies and real data applications are presented for illustrative purposes.     

Bayesian ikference procedures derived via the concept of relative surprise

We consider the problem of deriving Bayesian inference procedures via the concept of relative surprise. The mathematical concept of surprise has been developed by I.J. Good in a long sequence of papers. We make a modification to this development that permits the avoidance of a serious defect; namely, the change of variable problem. We apply relative surprise to the development of estimation, hypothesis testing and model checking procedures. Important advantages of the relative surprise approach to inference include the lack of dependence on a particular loss function and complete freedom to the statistician in the choice of prior for hypothesis testing problems. Links are established with common Bayesian inference procedures such as highest posterior density regions, modal estimates and Bayes factors. From a practical perspective new inference procedures arise that possess good properties.     

论依法行政是推行费改税的有效途径

随着党中央、国务院颁布《关于治理向企业乱收费、乱罚款和各种摊派的决定》,“三乱”问题逐步得到了改善 ,但有些地区政府部门却依然我行我素 ,违规乱收费现象还相当严重。为此 ,依法行政、积极推行费改税 ,规范政府部门行政行为就显得尤为紧迫、重要     

韩愈诗歌的审美艺术解读

韩愈是韩孟诗派的核心人物,他与中唐其他杰出诗人一样,坚持对诗歌多样化艺术风格的实践,但其诗歌的主导性审美追求具有奇险怪异的创新趋向。韩愈奇险怪异的审美追求既受到中唐"好奇尚怪"的时代氛围的影响,又与其好奇反俗的个性特征有关,同时韩愈仕途的备受压抑对其险怪诗风的形成起着重要作用。