Evaluation capacity building in the nonformal education context: Challenges and strategies

Policymakers’ demand for increased accountability has compelled organizations to pay more attention to internal evaluation capacity building (ECB). The existing literature about ECB has focused on capacity building experiences and organizational research, with limited attention on challenges that internal evaluation specialists face in building organizational evaluative capacity. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a Delphi study with evaluation specialists in the United States’ Cooperative Extension Service and developed a consensus on the most pervasive ECB challenges as well as the most useful strategies for overcoming ECB challenges. Challenges identified in this study include limited time and resources, limited understanding of the value of evaluation, evaluation considered as an afterthought, and limited support and buy-in from administrators. Alternatively, strategies found in the study include a shift in an organizational culture where evaluation is appreciated, buy-in and support from administration, clarifying the importance of quality than quantity of evaluations, and a strategic approach to ECB. The challenges identified in this study have persisted for decades, meaning administrators must understand the persistence of these issues and make an earnest investment (financial and human resource) to make noticeable progress. The Delphi approach can be used more often to prioritize ECB efforts.     

如何理解民主执政

坚持民主执政是社会主义的本质要求,坚持民主执政对党获得广泛的执政基础、巩固党的执政 地位具有重要意义。坚持民主执政必须努力发展人民民主,推进政治体制改革,坚持民主集中制与 实现党内民主。民主执政与科学执政、依法执政是有机统一体。     

海南省2003年生态足迹计算与发展能力分析

利用生态足迹与发展能力的基本理论,对海南省和各县(市)2003年的生态足迹与发展能力进行了计算和分析。结果表明,海南省2003年人均生态足迹为2.1338hm2,人均生态承载力为1.3111hm2,人均生态赤字为0.8227hm2;12个县(市)存在生态赤字。海南省及其大多数县市的资源利用效益比较低,经济社会发展在较大的生态压力下运行。同时,计算与分析了海南省和各县(市)2003年的生态足迹多样性及其发展能力。     

Graphical representation of survival curves in the presence of time-dependent categorical covariates with application to liver transplantation

Graphical representation of survival curves is often used to illustrate associations between exposures and time-to-event outcomes. However, when exposures are time-dependent, calculation of survival probabilities is not straightforward. Our aim was to develop a method to estimate time-dependent survival probabilities and represent them graphically. Cox models with time-dependent indicators to represent state changes were fitted, and survival probabilities were plotted using pre-specified times of state changes. Time-varying hazard ratios for the state change were also explored. The method was applied to data from the Adult-to-Adult Living Donor Liver Transplantation Cohort Study (A2ALL). Survival curves showing a ‘split’ at a pre-specified time t allow for the qualitative comparison of survival probabilities between patients with similar baseline covariates who do and do not experience a state change at time t. Time since state change interactions can be visually represented to reflect changing hazard ratios over time. A2ALL study results showed differences in survival probabilities among those who did not receive a transplant, received a living donor transplant, and received a deceased donor transplant. These graphical representations of survival curves with time-dependent indicators improve upon previous methods and allow for clinically meaningful interpretation.     

论美国保护预备被监护人权益的基本原则

预备被监护人是指即将被安排监护的当事人.经过十余年改革,美国成年监护制度形成了保护预备被监护人权益的一系列基本原则.这些原则包括:"实质性损害"标准、最小限制性替代措施、"功能性行为能力"标准、正当程序原则.我国成年监护制度立法理念相对落后,借鉴美国的成功经验来重构和完善我国的成年监护制度具有重要意义.     

财务风险的认识及防范

对企业而言 ,由于资本结构的不同而形成的财务风险是一柄双刃剑 ,使用得当 ,它可以提高企业利润 ,增加股东财富 ;反之 ,安排欠妥 ,它会加速企业亏损甚至破产。因此掌握好有关财务风险的基本内容 ,学会如何有效地利用财务杠杆工具 ,防范财务风险 ,显得尤为重要。对财务风险的防范并非意味着去减少或消灭它 ,而是运用管理会计的思想和方法 ,加强内部管理 ,其目的是改善经营管理 ,提高经济效益。     

基于熵值法的东陇海产业带区域发展能力评价与建设策略

以市区和县域为研究单元,从经济发展推动力、社会发展支撑力、资源环境承载力三个方面构建区域发展能力指标体系.采用熵值法进行量化分析并进行发展能力评价.从省域层面看,该区域发展能力明显弱于省平均水平;从区域内部看,发展能力差距明显,综合发展能力优势集中在东陇海产业带的双核及轴线上.在区域发展能力评价的基础上,提出区域发展能力的建设策略:整合空间结构,深化区域分工,完善基础设施,涵养资源环境.     

在现实主义和现代主义的视野里寻求和谐生存之道——论D·H·劳伦斯的《儿子与情人》

D.H.劳伦斯在小说《儿子与情人》中,通过批判现实主义手法描述了主人公保罗的爱情悲剧和家庭悲剧,揭示了英国工业文明对自然环境及人类和谐生存状态的破坏。同时,作为一个现代主义作家,劳伦斯探索了人的潜意识及如何在现代文明中构建和谐生存之道。劳伦斯认为,人类只有与自然界保持和谐的关系、重建两性之间和谐、自然的关系,才能克服现代文明社会带来的弊端,实现生存状态的和谐。劳伦斯对人类生存困境的探索不仅为同时代人提供了获得救赎的全新思路,在当今呼唤和谐社会的时代,仍为我们提供了有益的借鉴。     

《无名的裘德》中的主题悖论

《无名的裘德》是一部杰出的现实主义作品,是哈代“性格与环境”小说中极为成功的一部。小说通过“主题对立”这一艺术手法深刻地揭示了人性,暴露了人类社会中许多错综复杂的关系,揭示了人类生存与存在中的一系列悖论,显示出极大的反讽效果。