走出"科技伦理"的误区

"科技伦理"在实践上是行不通的.它无视个体主体与社会主体在实践职能上的异质性,把本该由社会主体甚至类主体所承担的社会伦理责任强加于科技工作者个体主体的头上;它抹杀了伦理学的阶级性质,忽视了"主体际性"或"交往"对于科技主体的引导和制约作用;它是批判科技决定论形式下的变相的科技决定论,过高估计了科学技术及其主体对人类历史同时也是实践史的作用和影响,从而问接否认了唯物主义的"历史合力论".科技的社会伦理取向只能导致科技的停滞甚至被取消,这对于科学技术本身以及人类的生存和发展恰恰是非人道的、不伦理的,这就是"科技伦理"的悖论.     

汉译西方文论探究

汉译西方文论作为中国文论与西方文论之间的一种过渡形态,被遮蔽在笼统的"西方文论"概念中,长期被忽视而未能得到系统清理.经过近百年发展,提出"汉译西方文论"概念并加以研究的时机已经成熟,这个概念的建立及其相关研究,将会唤起对汉译西方文论自身价值和独立品格等一系列相关问题的思考,将有可能引发我国文艺理论总体格局的某种变动,成为推动我国文艺理论体系创新和发展的理论生长点.     

Sociology and political arithmetic: some principles of a new policy science

This paper advances the position that sociology needs to develop an approach to research which focuses on fundamental social problems. In doing so it shares many of the intellectual values and goals of political arithmetic while seeking to move methodologically beyond it. Since such problems are complex they will require, typically, interdisciplinary input and a concomitant approach to the development and appraisal of theories. We are not, therefore, advocating the primacy of sociology but arguing that it has a distinctive part to play in addressing the fundamental problems of the twenty-first century. However, a policy-oriented sociology has also to take up the task, so clearly defined by the tradition of political arithmetic, which is to hold governments to account. Consequently a central principle of a new policy science is that it should contribute to democratic debate about policy.     

Prospect Theory and Limit Lines

Risk acceptance criteria in the form of limit lines are investigated in the context of prospect theory. This theory departs from utility theory in several respects, an important one being the use of weights other than probabilities in the evaluation of the expected impact of uncertain outcomes. Hypothetical functions reflecting certain attitudes toward consequences and rare events are developed and combined to produce several limit lines.     

Decision Making Under Risk: A Comparison of Bayesian and Fuzzy Set Methods

A classical decision problem is considered where a decision maker is to choose one of a number of actions each offering different consequences. The outcome from a choice of action is uncertain because it depends on the existing state of Nature. Also, the outcome, once an action and state of Nature are specified, may be a vector or a random vector. The decision maker employs both Bayesian methods and fuzzy set techniques to handle the uncertainties. The decision maker is also allowed to use multiple, possibly conflicting, goals in order to determine his best strategy. The Bayesian method produces a set of undominated strategies to choose from, whereas the fuzzy set technique usually produces a unique optimal strategy.     

柏拉图的“理式”与生物遗传基因－－为柏拉图的“理式论”两千多年来的冤案昭雪

柏拉图哲学中的"理式"与生物遗传方面的"基因"是同一个概念,从而它既是实体也是普遍,是先于任何具体、个别、感性的生命物质而存在的一种形式和质.因此,自亚里士多德开始,两千多年以来人们对于柏拉图的理式论的误解和批判是错误的.     

落实“三个代表”的重要思想促进高等教育改革与发展

当前,高等教育已从经济社会发展的边缘走向经济社会发展的中心.落实"三个代表"的重要思想,就要促进高等教育改革与发展.高等教育要充分发挥社会先进生产力策源地的作用,成为"科教兴国"的强大生力军;要充分发挥高等教育继承、发展和创造社会主义先进文化的功能,成为全社会精神文明的巨大辐射源;要以人民的根本利益为出发点,深化高等教育改革.     

教学论学科体系建构的思考

教学论学科体系的建构与发展 ,是教学论学科成熟的标志。加强教学论学科体系的建构 ,首先 ,要从科学化、本体化、中国化三个方面 ,来透视我国传统教学论学科体系所存在的问题 ;其次 ,在教学论学科体系建构时应遵循如下几个方面的原则 :⒈教学论学科体系发展需体现系统完整性、时代性、多样性、独立性几个基本特性 ;⒉教学论学科体系发展必须扩大理论基础 ;⒊教学论学科体系发展应注意体现中国特色 ;⒋教学论学科体系发展应重视和加强教学科学研究。     

从具象到抽象:亚里士多德逻辑学说的诞生

古希腊文学为亚里士多德建构逻辑学说提供了必不可少的思维素材及朴素逻辑思想 ,因此 ,古希腊文学是亚里士多德逻辑学说产生的土壤。古希腊文学的繁荣铸就了亚里士多德逻辑学说的辉煌 ,而古希腊文学的缺陷也引发了亚里士多德逻辑学说在某些方面的先天不足。     

劳动和劳动价值理论的探析与创新

劳动价值理论研究是现实赋予的重要课题。为了从理论上深化对社会主义劳动和劳动价值论的研究和认识 ,我们必须把创造价值的劳动与社会必要劳动区别开 ,把社会财富生产与价值财富生产区别开 ,把价值源泉同生产要素重要区别开 ,把价值创造同收入分配区别开 ,把决定价值的依据同生产要素分配依据区别开。只有这样 ,才能为推动和充实劳动价值理论提供研究框架 ,寻找劳动价值理论研究的切入点和理论发展的方向