论客观语言测试的客观性和公正性

指出了客观题型和机器阅卷掩盖了客观语言测试题目对受试者造成的不公正现象.从试题的难易度和区分度、试题内容以及试题效度三个方面论述了客观题型对客观语言测试的客观性与公正性的影响;并且有针对性地提出四点策略,即不同考试不同对待,综合考虑各项语言技能, 提高试题效度,以及保证命题质量,旨在全面提高客观语言测试的客观性和公正性,有效地利用客观语言测试的特点,以适应语言测试不断发展的需要.     

当代青年的理想状况及教育对策

青年理想教育是关系民族兴亡、社会主义事业后继有人的教育工程。从当代青年理想的主观状况和客观环境出发,应当把当代青年理想教育与政治教育相统一,把当代青年理想教育与法治教育、道德教育相统一,把当代青年理想教育与社会主义观教育相统一。     

Objective Bayesian analysis of counting experiments with correlated sources of background

Searches for faint signals in counting experiments are often encountered in particle physics and astrophysics, as well as in other fields. Many problems can be reduced to the case of a model with independent and Poisson-distributed signal and background. Often several background contributions are present at the same time, possibly correlated. We provide the analytic solution of the statistical inference problem of estimating the signal in the presence of multiple backgrounds, in the framework of objective Bayes statistics. The model can be written in the form of a product of a single Poisson distribution with a multinomial distribution. The first is related to the total number of events, whereas the latter describes the fraction of events coming from each individual source. Correlations among different backgrounds can be included in the inference problem by a suitable choice of the priors.     

从《教育要旨》和《特定教育纲要》看民初袁世凯政府的教育思想

1915年,袁世凯颁布《教育要旨》和《特定教育纲要》,重定教育宗旨,该宗旨既包含积极的正面建设,也有消极的除弊。结合《教育要旨》和《特定教育纲要》的内容来看,民初袁世凯教育思想具有继承性、务实性和兼容性三个特点。如果抛开政治成见,抽离其中的政治水分,单从技术层面来看,民初袁世凯教育思想中也有可供后人汲取的思想资源。     

Experimental designs and their efficiencies for spatially correlated observations in two dimensions

Optimality of experimental designs for spatially correlated observations is investigated.come two dimensional correlation structures are discussed and an attempt has been made to find optimal or nearly optimal design for each sitution.The solution lend to designs similar to that used for repeated measurements.The relative efficiency of the proposed designs in comparison to randomized latin square designs is tabulated for some cases.     

团队竞选制:基层民主实践中新的选举模式

“团队竞选制”是我国基层民主选举中自发生成的一种新的选举模式.“团队竞选制”对于激发村民民主意识,形成监督与制衡机制,建立有序的基层选举秩序具有重要意义.在我国基层民主法律制度与民主实践存在背离的今天,解决基层民主实践中存在的难题,实现真正的村民自治,“团队竞选制”具有突破口的作用,其既能突破自上而下的国家权力对基层自治的制约,又可自下而上地自我建构与完善我国基层自治制度.同时,团队竞选制作为一种新的选举模式,还需要从理念、制度供给及竞选资金规制等方面进行完善.     

紧盯强军目标，大力培育官兵尚武精神

尚武精神是推动国防和军队建设的不竭精神动力。长期的和平环境，在官兵身上不同程度滋生了一些“和平积习”，尚武精神弱化。坚持不懈强化当代革命军人尚武精神，是一项亟待解决的重要课题。当前，紧盯强军目标，大力培育官兵尚武精神，就要坚定信念、铸牢军魂，确立尚武的政治方向；爱军精武、提高素质，锻造尚武的职业品格；依法治军、从严治军，夯实尚武的作风基础。     

吉登斯的现代性思想"群像"

吉登斯建构了一个完整的现代性思想体系。在吉登斯那里,断裂性是现代性的首要特征。资本主义、工业主义、监督机器与军事力量是现代性的制度性维度。而时空分离、脱域机制和反思性监控是现代性的动力。现代性的高度全球化衍生出了世界资本主义经济体系、民族国家体系、世界军事秩序和国际劳动分工体系。现代性扩张的后果是把人类带入了一个风险社会,而走出风险社会的乌托邦现实主义导向性策略是消除贫困、恢复环境、反对专权以及减少社会生活中的武力与暴力。     

The Examination of Emotional Facial Expressions Within Parent–Child and Sibling Interactive Contexts: A Systematic Review

This work constitutes a systematic review of the empirical literature about emotional facial expressions displayed in the context of family interaction. Searches of electronic databases from January 1990 until December 2016 generated close to 4400 articles, of which only 26 met the inclusion criteria. Evidence indicate that affective expressions were mostly examined through laboratory and naturalistic observations, within a wide range of interactive contexts in which mother–child dyads significantly outnumbered father–child dyads. Moreover, dyadic partners were found to match each others’ displays and positive and neutral facial expressions proving more frequent than negative facial expressions. Finally, researchers observed some developmental and gender differences regarding the frequency, intensity, and category of emotional displays and identified certain links among facial expression behavior, family relations, personal adjustment, and peer-related social competence.     

伙伴关系--企业竞争优势的新来源

伙伴关系成立的原因在于以伙伴关系为纽带可以建立新的企业优势,它具有以产权关系为纽带形成的"紧密型"企业所不具备的优点.企业通过建立合作伙伴关系,以形成低成本和差异化竞争优势.