基于021 半无限规划的新产品开发计划方法

开发新产品, 加速产品更新换代, 是企业持续经营和不断发展的重要手段. 近年来随着 C IM S 技术的不断发展, 生产管理集成化程度的提高, 只对产品作定性的分析已远远不能满足 企业发展的需要. 本文提出一种新产品开发计划的定量分析方法. 该方法将所有产品分为四种 具有不同收益曲线与参数的产品类型. 每种类型产品的曲线参数由其经济特性确定. 在产品量 化描述的基础上, 给出了一种利用021 半无限规划(021 S IP) 制订新产品开发计划的数学模型 方法.     

Comparative Analyses of Pretest-Posttest Research Designs

Two common methods of analyzing data from a two-group pretest-posttest research design are (a) two-sample t test on the difference score between pretest and posttest and (b) repeated-measures/split-plot analysis of variance. The repeated-measures/split-plot analysis subsumes the t test analysis, although the former requires more assumptions to be satisfied. A numerical example is given to illustrate some of the equivalences of the two methods of analysis. The investigator should choose the method of analysis based on the research objective(s).     

A Note on Stagewise Regression

Suppose one estimates the coefficient β₂ in E[Y] = β₀ + β₁ X ₁ + β₂ X ₂ by stagewise regression. That is, first the model E[Y] ≌ β₀ + β₁ X ₁ is fit using simple linear regression followed by a simple linear regression of the residuals from this model on X ₂ to yield the estimator β₂. The ratio of the squared t statistic for the estimate b ₂ from multiple regression to the squared t statistic for β₂ is greater than or equal to 1.0 and is shown to be a convenient function of correlation coefficients among Y, X ₁, and X ₂. Examination of stagewise regression can provide useful insights when introducing concepts of multiple regression.     

小民族,大课题——以赫哲族为例

人数特别少的“小民族”在现代化过程中面临“生存发展”和“保存文化”的两难 ,这种两难取决于大小民族之间的态度、价值观和相互关系以及大民族对于“发展”的理解。在适当调整人们思维框架和参照系的条件下 ,以社区意识和区域发展为基础 ,小民族有可能找到既实现社会经济发展 ,又保持文化传统的发展模式     

Exposure Assessment for Pesticide Intake from Multiple Food Products: A Bayesian Latent‐Variable Approach

Pesticide risk assessment for food products involves combining information from consumption and concentration data sets to estimate a distribution for the pesticide intake in a human population. Using this distribution one can obtain probabilities of individuals exceeding specified levels of pesticide intake. In this article, we present a probabilistic, Bayesian approach to modeling the daily consumptions of the pesticide Iprodione though multiple food products. Modeling data on food consumption and pesticide concentration poses a variety of problems, such as the large proportions of consumptions and concentrations that are recorded as zero, and correlation between the consumptions of different foods. We consider daily food consumption data from the Netherlands National Food Consumption Survey and concentration data collected by the Netherlands Ministry of Agriculture. We develop a multivariate latent‐Gaussian model for the consumption data that allows for correlated intakes between products. For the concentration data, we propose a univariate latent‐t model. We then combine predicted consumptions and concentrations from these models to obtain a distribution for individual daily Iprodione exposure. The latent‐variable models allow for both skewness and large numbers of zeros in the consumption and concentration data. The use of a probabilistic approach is intended to yield more robust estimates of high percentiles of the exposure distribution than an empirical approach. Bayesian inference is used to facilitate the treatment of data with a complex structure.     

Efficient and easy-to-use sample size formulas in ratio-based non-inferiority tests

In many biomedical applications, tests for the classical hypotheses based on the difference of treatment means in a one-way layout can be replaced by tests for ratios (or tests for relative changes). This approach is well noted for its simplicity in defining the margins, as for example in tests for non-inferiority. Here, we derive approximate and efficient sample size formulas in a multiple testing situation and then thoroughly investigate the relative performance of hypothesis testing based on the ratios of treatment means when compared with differences of means. The results will be illustrated with an example on simultaneous tests for non-inferiority.     

Numerical testing of evolution theories †

Fisher's method of combining independent tests is used to construct tests of means of multivariate normal populations when the covariance matrix has intraclass correlation structure. Monte Carlo studies are reported which show that the tests are more powerful than Hotelling's T ²-test in both one and two sample situations.     

Active Duty Military Personnel Presenting for Care at a Gay Men's Health Clinic

ABSTRACT

Under the “Don't Ask, Don't Tell, Don't Pursue, Don't Harass” Department of Defense policy, gay men and women are allowed to serve in the military, but they are not allowed to disclose their sexual orientation. This study was performed to determine the incidence of active duty military personnel seeking care at a Gay Men's Health Clinic. Nine percent of the clients, who had served between June and August 2002, were active duty U.S. Navy sailors. They all expressed fears of being discharged from the military when asked why they did not access military healthcare. The “DADTDPDH” policy breeds distrust between men who have sex with men (MSM) service-members and their healthcare provider and this ensures inadequate healthcare.     

Führungskulturen an der Universität: Feedbackinstrumente als Schlüssel zur Personalentwicklung

Management culture at German universities. Guided feedback as an instrument to develop leadership skills In future, universities will be fundamentally more exposed to national and international competition than they are today. The challenges for Germany’s universities arising from this are increased by the reform pressure towards a modernization of the governmental administration. On grounds of these new tasks and challenges, inner-organizational changes as well as the development of a leadership responsibility and further training of the employees’ social skills are necessary. Therefore up-to-date personnel development belongs to a university’s modernization program. At the Berlin University of Technology appraisals by subordinates are practiced in order to design a fair leadership culture. The crucial factor for this is the professor’s and administration manager’s identification with their leadership role. For a further process consultation the adoption of coaching is recommended.     

„Ich würde gern weitermachen“ Vom problemorientierten Coaching zur anlassfreien Beratungsarbeit über längere Zeit

?I would like to continue“. From the problem oriented coaching to an unintentional and open-ended counseling When coaching clients ask for more sessions even after the ?problem“ has been solved they might indicate a lack of reflective situations in their life. This creates an interesting dilemma for coaches to operate between the rules of the profession and the challenge to provide a peculiar space of conversation. Unintentional and open-ended, this reflective work may lead the client to surprising discoveries and unforeseen insights. Such a work confronts the guild of professionals with old-new questions of professional self-definition.