A Network Evaluation of Attitudes Toward Gays and Lesbians Among U.S. Military Cadets

The U.S. military's ban on open homosexuality has become an increasingly salient issue since its implementation in 1993 and its repeal in 2011. The military is an organization with a unique professional and social organization. Evaluating military attitudes from a network perspective may offer insight into the role of formal and informal leadership in engendering attitudinal change and cultural tolerance around homosexuality. This study evaluates the role of network centrality and network exposure across formal (command networks) and informal (friendship and perceived leadership networks) structures on attitudes toward homosexuality in the military. This work analyzes survey data from a single cadet company within the U.S. Military Academy (n = 139) prior to the repeal of Don't Ask, Don't Tell. Results indicate that popular students tend to show tolerance toward homosexuality, whereas those who hold command leadership positions are more likely to have personal and professional opposition to homosexuality. In addition, formal superior–subordinate relationships are somewhat more likely to suggest social contagion compared to informal leadership and friendship relationships. Recommendations offer guidance for training strategies particularly with respect to a military leaders and socialization. Future research should monitor these issues relative to the post-DADT environment.     

“有机化学”教学改革探索与实践

讨论“有机化学”的教学改革问题 ,提出在教学中提高学生的综合素质、培养学生的创新精神和实验能力的方法 ;阐明以学生为中心的教学观念对提高教学质量具有重要意义。     

创新意识、教学策略与教学分析

本文从创新意识的需求出发,提出要把基础理论知识与综合能力的培养、素质教育与应试教育融为一体的教学双赢策略。通过在教学改革中的实践具体教学分析与进行相关理论调适,改革和优化教学过程的各个环节,从而形成一个全面合理的课程组合,提高学生的创新意识和创造能力。     

雍正初年"摊丁入地"政策的形成

清初赋役制度沿袭明末"一条鞭法",但在实际推行过程中却是多种赋役制度并行.雍正初年,王澍、秦国龙、黄炳上奏雍正,提出实行"摊丁入地"的建议.雍正对此未加重视.李维钧提出在全国切实推行"摊丁入地"政策后,雍正极力赞成,让户部、九卿对此多次议覆并支持直隶推行.全国各地也纷纷效仿直隶.至此,"摊丁入地"的赋役制度确立.     

一种新的动态综合评价方法

在经济管理与决策中, 经常遇到大量的动态综合评价问题. 动态综合评价问题的核心是 评价指标在不同时刻的权重系数的确定. 针对由时序立体数据表支持的综合评价问题的特殊 性, 提出了一种新的确定权重系数的“‘纵横向’拉开档次”法, 并给出一个实际例子. 该方法具 有原理简单、直观意义明显、评价过程“透明”等特点.     

评“以儒学为主干重建民族主流精神”论

最近,正当我们在进一步深入研究如何继承孔子儒学精华时,有一种观点值得我们注意:有论者提出要"重建民族主流精神",而且"必须以儒家思想作为民族主流精神的主干",这种观点很值得讨论.笔者认为,那种认为我们现在"缺失"中华主流精神"而需"重建"的观点是不符合客观现实的,而所谓"必须以儒家思想作为重建民族主流精神主干"的论点也不够妥当.     

准确认识“五四”启蒙运动的伟大意义

"五四"启蒙运动与法国启蒙运动之简单比较,它所面临的严峻局势:一方面是民众的远未觉醒,如何消除浓厚的奴性主义意识,树立人权与公民的观念,必须花费巨大的努力.另一方面是它的根本任务,在于要建立自由、平等和民主的现代文明秩序,这样就必须批评与消除传统文明中陈旧和过时的东西,因此就必然会触犯死命维护它的腐败的权势者,受到他们猛烈的反对、攻击和迫害.这样的形势必然会出现激进主义思潮,以便更好做到发聋振聩.陈独秀与鲁迅是这方面的杰出代表,其实他们对于中国传统文明的见解,也还是具有相当全面的观念.而不同于此种范型的杰出启蒙主义者蔡元培,则提出了"思想自由"和兼容并包的主张,这对于启蒙过程的长期性来说, 应该是更为适应的. 林毓生认为"五四"启蒙运动,是全盘否定中国的传统文明,而后来的"文化大革命",则是由它发展而来,此种见解并不符合历史进程的实际情况,不过他提出了一种很值得加以认真讨论的见解,这有利于推动学术研究的向前迈进.     

Ausländer unter Tatverdacht

Findings on the quantity and quality of criminal behavior of immigrant groups differ very widely (partly depending on the source of data used) and interpretations differ according to theoretical standpoint. There is also controversy over the reasons why charges are more often dropped in cases against young non-Germans than in cases against German citizens. Data from prosecution service records were analysed (N = 860 suspects) to investigate whether differences could be found in the quality and structure of the offenses of which Germans and non-Germans were accused, or in the outcome of the investigations. Only marginal differences were found in the quality of offenses with which Germans and non-Germans were charged. The primary reason for the higher rate of charges being dropped against young foreigners was found to be lack of evidence. This need not, however, in any way be interpreted as meaning that young foreigners are more successful at hiding the evidence of their crimes. It could simply show that non-Germans are more often falsely accused of committing a crime.     

On an extension of the von Mises distribution due to Batschelet

This paper considers the three-parameter family of symmetric unimodal circular distributions proposed by Batschelet in [1 Batschelet, E. 1981. Circular Statistics in Biology, London: Academic Press.  [Google Scholar]], an extension of the von Mises distribution containing distributional forms ranging from the highly leptokurtic to the very platykurtic. The family's fundamental properties are given, and likelihood-based techniques described which can be used to perform estimation and hypothesis testing. Analyses are presented of two data sets which illustrate how the family and three of its most direct competitors can be applied in the search for parsimonious models for circular data.     

Tests of heteroscedasticity and correlation in multivariate t regression models with AR and ARMA errors

Heteroscedasticity checking in regression analysis plays an important role in modelling. It is of great interest when random errors are correlated, including autocorrelated and partial autocorrelated errors. In this paper, we consider multivariate t linear regression models, and construct the score test for the case of AR(1) errors, and ARMA(s,d) errors. The asymptotic properties, including asymptotic chi-square and approximate powers under local alternatives of the score tests, are studied. Based on modified profile likelihood, the adjusted score test is also developed. The finite sample performance of the tests is investigated through Monte Carlo simulations, and also the tests are illustrated with two real data sets.