利用有色浓淡斑点进行三维空间位置测试

提出有色方向符号匹配法,提出有色浓淡斑点,并利用顶点处配置了有色浓淡斑点的三角形标示进行空间位置测试。     

Measuring and explaining tax evasion: Improving self-reports using the crosswise model

Due to its sensitive nature, tax compliance is difficult to study empirically, and valid information on tax evasion is rare. More specifically, when directly asked on surveys, respondents are likely to underreport their evasion behavior. Such invalid responses not only bias prevalence estimates but may also obscure associations with individual predictors. To generate more valid estimates of tax evasion, we used a new method of data collection for sensitive questions, the crosswise model (CM). The CM is conceptually based on the randomized response technique (RRT), but due to its advanced design, it is better suited for large surveys than classical RRTs. In an experimental online survey, we compared the CM (N = 862) to standard direct questioning (DQ; N = 305). First, our results showed that the CM was able to elicit a higher proportion of self-stigmatizing reports of tax evasion by increasing privacy in the data collection process. Second, on average, we found stronger effects of our predictor variables on tax evasion in the CM condition compared with the DQ condition such that an egoistic personality and the opportunity for tax evasion predicted actual tax evasion only in the CM condition.     

活化课堂的技巧举隅

如何激活课堂气氛、提高学生学习英语的兴趣是许多老师在不断探索的一个问题。本文从创设信息沟、提开放式的问题、活化和补充教学内容的三个方面介绍了活化课堂的三个技巧。     

创设问题情境启迪学生思维

提问是课堂调控的常规方法.巧妙适当的提问,不仅能激发学生的兴趣,集中其注意力,诱发其积极思考,而且对学生创新思维的发展、主体作用的发挥都具有十分重要的作用.     

史料解析题的考查形式及解决途径

目前,历史教育改革中,历史教学注重引用史料,并将史料引入考试之中。但是,对于在历史教学中运用史料的原因、使用史料的方法以及使用史料可能遇到的问题,很少有人进行深入的探讨。从运用具体史料进行历史教学入手,就利用史料拓宽学生的思维空间和培养创造性思维的广阔性时史料解析题进行全面深入的分析,提出了具体的解决途径。     

Evaluation of open items using the many-facet Rasch model

The goal of this study is to analyze the quality of ratings assigned to two constructed response questions for evaluating the written ability of essays in Portuguese language from the perspective of the many-facet Rasch (MFR [15 J.M. Linacre, Many-facet Rasch Measurement, 2nd ed., MESA Press, Chicago, 1994. [Google Scholar]]) model. The analyzed data set comes from 350 written tests with two open-item tasks that were developed based on a rating process independently marked by two rater coordinators and a group of 42 raters. The MFR model analysis shows the measurement quality related to the examinees, raters, tasks and items, and classification scale that has been used for the task rating process. The findings indicate significant differences amongst the rater severities and show that the raters cannot be interchanged. The results also suggest that the comparison between the two task difficulties needs further investigation. An additional study has been done on the scale structure of the classification used by each rater for each item. The result suggests that there have been some similarities amongst the tasks and a need of revision for some criteria of the rating process. Overall, the scale of evaluation has shown to be efficient for a classification of the examinees.     

图书馆虚拟咨询常见问题知识库及其实现

文章通过对常见问题知识库的建设进行探讨,倡导对常见问题知识库内容的有效积累,同时基于ASP.NET技术实现了一个知识库系统,为虚拟参考咨询工作的正常开展打下坚实的基础。     

大学生素质教育刍议

大学生应具备以社会主义信念、为人民服务思想、爱国主义、集体主义为核心的思想道德素质;掌握自然科学、社会科学、文学、艺术等人类文化基本知识或常识的文化素质;包括认知、严谨、创新因素在内的专业素质。大学生素质教育的难题是,中小学教育与大学教育的连接问题;教育者与被教育者的相容性问题;素质教育结构的不健全、完善问题。以文化品位、审美情趣、人文素养为中心的文化素质教育应成为全国推进素质教育的切入点。     

Which probes are most useful when undertaking cognitive interviews?

This paper reports the use of verbal probes in cognitive interviews (CIs) undertaken to test the usefulness, validity and reliability of survey questions. Through examining the use of probes by three interviewers undertaking interviews as part the piloting of a cross-national crime survey, we examine which of the various types of probes used in CIs produce the most useful information. Other influences on interview quality are examined, including differences between interviewers and respondents themselves. The analyses rely on multi-level modelling and suggest that anticipated, emergent and conditional probes provide the most useful data. Furthermore, age, gender and educational levels appear to have no bearing on the quality of the data generated.     

英语反意疑问句的结构与主谓一致

文章以英国古典和现代名家著作中的例句为倒分析了英语反意疑问句陈述部分与后附问句肯定与否定结构的几种搭配,以及各形式所表达的曲折语气;同时阐述了两部分的主谓一致现象,从主语和谓语动词两方面来分析其中的规律。