建立与完善人才评价机制

人才评价对于实际工作具有配置、导向、激励和约束四重作用,是实现管理功能的动力所在。面对现阶段制约人才评价的诸多问题,为充分发挥管理的功能,需要对人才评价机制进行完善。在界定人才评价机制优劣标准的基础上,建立人才评价机制模型,以展示人才评价机制的结构、内部联系及运行机理,实现组织和人才的自加压、自运行和自寻优。     

劳动力市场需求非均衡理论下高校就业策略

文章以中国劳动力市场需求非均衡化现象作为分析依据,通过研究目前大学生就业以及劳动力市场需求的悖逆和矛盾为突破口,提出强化企业作用、发挥校友优势、实施专业预警机制、加强核心竞争力培养等建议,以实现高校就业与劳动力市场需求的合理对接。     

未焊透缺陷安全尺寸的评价研究

未焊透是压力管道焊接接头常见缺陷之一,严重时会导致管道的承载能力明显降低,进而引发严重的安全事故。 目前我国的《在用工业管道定期检验规程》中对未焊透管道的定级是很保守的,为了减少对未焊透缺陷的返修,文章采 用非线性有限元分析的方法,通过简化未焊透管道的影响因素,并研究在不同载荷工况下管道失效模式与缺陷尺寸的关 系,获得了未焊透管道的极限载荷曲线簇;再运用塑性力学分析方法对有限元分析结果进行筛选,得到了焊接缺陷的安 全尺寸;最终通过试验验证极限载荷数值分析结果的合理性。研究结果表明含有超标焊接缺陷（如未焊透）的管道不通 过复杂应力计算和安全评定即可在保证安全前提下最大限度地使用。     

游客高聚集场所：概念、特征、风险与研究议题

随着大众旅游时代的到来,出游人数激增,极易形成高度聚集的游客群,而高聚集的游客群难控难疏,易导致安全事故发生。加强和完善游客高聚集场所的安全管理已成为旅游管理部门一项紧迫而重要的任务。本文主要以国内外政策法规中关于人员密集场所、公共聚集场所的表述为出发点,结合已有研究成果,借鉴人员密集场所的定义,界定“游客高聚集场所”的概念,并就游客高聚集场所的特征进行了讨论;在此基础上,分析了游客高聚集场所面临的风险类型及其相关诱发因素;最后,根据现有人员密集场所的研究进展提出了游客高聚集场所的相关研究议题。     

再议规模经营中的粮食安全问题:争议回应与政策启示

在既定资源约束下实现粮食产出最大化是粮食生产安全的核心。而今旨在提升粮食竞争力的农业规模经营虽得到政府力推,却并非保障国家粮食安全的充分条件。在梳理规模经营与粮食安全保障相关争论的基础上,结合调研资料,依次回应了规模经营后农地是否大概率用于种粮、规模经营是否可持续以及规模经营能否保障粮食产量三个焦点问题。研究发现,与小农经营相比,规模经营与种植结构“非粮化”虽无必然联系,却存在规模经济不显著及单产提升乏力等问题。对此,一方面应强化小农扶持力度,巩固维系小农群体的粮食保障功能;另一方面应调整规模经营主体的政策干预结构,除非在规模经济与土地产出率不一致的情形下,应最大化避免对规模经营主体的直接干预,降低政策的扭曲效应,推动规模经济实现。     

回流农民农业经营职业化的影响因素

基于在甘肃、湖南和贵州三省的调查数据,运用二元Logistic回归模型,分析了回流农民农业经营决策和新型农民职业化的影响因素。结果表明:回流农民是否从事农业经营和能否成为新型职业农民同时受到个人禀赋、农业信息感知和乡土情结的影响。个人禀赋的影响表现为:教育程度较高和非常健康的回流农民从事农业经营的可能性低;有培训经历和非常健康的回流农民成为新型职业农民的可能性高;农业信息感知的影响表现为:惠农政策感知水平越高,回流农民从事农业经营的可能性越大,成为新型职业农民的可能性也越大;农业风险感知水平越高,回流农民从事农业经营的可能性越低;支农举措感知水平越高,回流农民成为新型职业农民的可能性越大;乡土情结的影响表现为:有土地流入经历的回流农民从事农业经营的可能性更大,爱农情结越深的回流农民越容易成为新型职业农民。建议从改善农业经营金融扶持与农业保险体系、强化农业技术培训、提升农业信息传播效果和激发回流农民乡土情结四个方面入手,吸引更多回流农民从事农业经营,培育更多回流农民成为新型职业农民。     

区域产业文化与人力资源优化配置研究

区域经济发展依赖于区域产业的发展,区域产业竞争力则体现为区域资源整合力,尤其是区域人力资源的优化配置.区域产业文化不仅具有区域性、宽松性和产业群人才观三大特征,还具有促进区域人力资源优化配置的功能.区域产业文化建设需要政府、企业、科研机构等各种区域利益相关者在健全法规、扶持核心企业、提高企业积极性和发展中介组织等方面共同努力.     

利益分割时期的安全事故与政府改进问题

政府在事故预防和处置中居于主导地位.心理学的"华生模式"和"皮亚杰模式"实现"社会学转向",可用以分析政府的责任问题.而安全事故的"强刺激"和"弱刺激"对政府改进效应是不同的.中国当前社会转型中逐步出现了城乡、单位、地方之间而主要表现为阶层之间的利益分割局面.因而政府的责任一方面不仅仅在于对某一事故的"强刺激"进行反应性改进,更应该在于包括"弱刺激"在内逐步把内化以人为本的责任伦理和信念伦理结合起来,对事故进行事前预知和防范,同时另一方面需要抑制精英阶层对整个社会利益的割据,保障社会底层的安全权益,引导底层进行安全维权,乃至抗争上层"官商秩序(结构)"的利益勾结,打破"资(方)强劳(方)弱"、"上(层)强下(层)弱"结构,从消极的"华生模式"转向积极反应的"皮亚杰模式",不断提升政府效率,保障个体生命安全和社会安全.     

Designing out vulnerability, building in respect: violence, safety and sex work policy

One recent finding about the prostitution market is the differences in the extent and nature of violence experienced between women who work on the street and those who work from indoor sex work venues. This paper brings together extensive qualitative fieldwork from two cities in the UK to unpack the intricacies in relation to violence and safety for indoor workers. Firstly, we document the types of violence women experience in indoor venues noting how the vulnerabilities surrounding work-based hazards are dependent on the environment in which sex is sold. Secondly, we highlight the protection strategies that indoor workers and management develop to maintain safety and order in the establishment. Thirdly, we use these empirical findings to suggest that violence should be a high priority on the policy agenda. Here we contend that the organizational and cultural conditions that seem to offer some protection from violence in indoor settings could be useful for informing the management of street sex work. Finally, drawing on the crime prevention literature, we argue that it is possible to go a considerable way to designing out vulnerability in sex work, but not only through physical and organizational change but building in respect for sex workers rights by developing policies that promote the employment/human rights and citizenship for sex workers. This argument is made in light of the Coordinated Prostitution Strategy.     

Resolutions: Working with Families Where Responsibility for Abuse is Denied

Current thinking suggests that little productive work can be undertaken with families where serious physical or sexual abuse of children has occurred in the absence of a clear acceptance of responsibility for that abuse. This means that children are often removed from their families because of the perceived risks, with the disadvantages that being looked after in local authority care often brings. Alternatively, children may be left in the same environment where serious abuse has taken place with little or no work being undertaken with the family. Either approach fails children, especially those who have made clear and believable allegations in the hope of bringing about a process of change and protection. This article describes the work of a pilot project at the Avon NSPCC in Bristol working with families where the alleged abuser disputes responsibility for maltreating the child. Key to this approach is the support of the non-abusing carer and the child/ren while the concerns of the professional agencies are addressed. The work has two main phases. The first looks for structural change in the organization of family life. The second part asks carers to role-play a ‘similar’ hypothetical family where child abuse has been established. This enables difficult issues raised by the abuse to be addressed and provides an opportunity for carers to express thoughts and feelings to their partner regarding abuse without the seriousness of the concerns being lost.