学科与学位点建设与发展的思考

通过对学科建设过程中几个关键问题的思考,提出了我校学科建设应以研究生学位点建设为中心的学科建设思路,并建议通过建立明晰的学科建设指标体系和管理机制,促进学科有目的的发展。     

Community and anti-poverty targeting

The standard theory of anti-poverty targeting assumes individual incomes cannot be observed, but statistical properties of income distribution in broadly defined groups are known. ‘Indicator targeting’ rules are then derived for the forms of transfers conditioned on group membership of individuals. In this literature the motivating notion of a ‘group’ is purely statistical, even when it is groups such as localities and ethnicities. We focus instead on groups which are ‘communities’, meaning thereby collections of individuals who have access to community-specific public goods, from which non-members are excluded. Such differential access constitutes a source of inequality among poor individuals belonging to different communities, which is not captured by monetary earnings. We show that this formulation of what constitutes a group changes many of the basic results of the indicator targeting literature. Optimal targeting for poverty alleviation leads to seemingly paradoxical rules, such as targeting transfers to the community that is richer. Total wealth of non-poor members of a community and its distribution both become relevant for specifying optimal indicator targeting rules. In addition, a poverty measure that is sensitive to the community identities of poor individuals, yet defined on nominal incomes, may be incompatible with some of the basic axioms in the standard literature on poverty measurement.     

Targeting lean process improvement projects for maximum financial impact

This empirical paper details a 12-month applied research project at a UK low-volume manufacturer of large vehicles. The industry problem from which this study originates was a concern over the subjective nature with which the firm’s existing lean intervention projects were being targeted (prioritised and selected). A structured literature review on this topic was unable to identify any objective decision support mechanism for doing so; one that encompassed financial as well as operational criteria. The resultant study was organised around an established seven-step action research framework. The main body of evidence was derived from extensive analysis of financial and operational data extracted from the firm’s enterprise resource planning system, along with two structured workshops that each involved multiple informants drawn from the firm’s production centres and its accountancy department. Supplementary primary research was provided in the guise of numerous unstructured interviews to validate data and from observation of shop floor practices. The main contribution of this article is identifying and addressing the gap highlighted above, by developing and testing a financially driven method for objectively targeting process improvement interventions within this large and geographically dispersed operation. This innovative method includes five new constituent techniques.     

知识经济时代市场营销策略中的广告定位

在飞速发展的21世纪,企业经营的环境发生着巨大变化。企业如何在稍纵即逝的市场竞争中,把握消费者的需求变化,把自己的产品迅速打入市场,在强手如林的企业中取胜,广告定位是营销策略中的重要环节。分析广告定位积极作用和消极因素,对企业最终实现经营目标有着重要意义。     

Economic performance under different monetary policy frameworks

We examine the economic performance (inflation and growth) associated with different monetary policy frameworks, presenting unconditional and conditional analyses, and using predictions of countries’ monetary policy framework choices to address the issue of endogeneity. We find some differences in performance associated with the different monetary policy frameworks, together with a general improvement over time which is explained in part by the trends towards inflation targeting and more precise monetary control, that is from changes in the choice of framework, but in part, and perhaps more strongly, reflects a more general trend towards better economic performance related to changes in decision-making within the frameworks. Our results suggest that the choice of MPF is an important, but by no means the only, determinant of economic performance, and therefore not the only consideration for policymakers looking to improve economic performance.     

Who kills whom? The micro-dynamics of civilian targeting in civil war

Prior research on civilian targeting in civil war has focused on characteristics of either the government or rebel group that make them more or less likely to target civilians. However, no government or rebel group targets a population, but rather individuals within it. To date, no study has explored the issue of why particular civilians would be chosen by one actor versus the other. This study examines the divergent civilian-targeting strategies of governments and rebel groups. We argue that unique identification problems facing each political actor in civil war leads the parties to resort to social stereotypes based on data derived from known enemy subjects killed in combat. We specify and then test a model that accounts for time and space and the demographic characteristics of each victim utilizing a new dataset on the personal, political, and demographic characteristics of individual civilians targeted by the state and rebels in the civil war in Nepal (1996–2006). The findings demonstrate for the first time that governments (and rebels) tend to kill the same types of individuals in non-combat settings as they kill in combat exchanges, and the civilians targeted by each actor differ significantly in the extent that they share certain social traits.     

Recent Developments in Aged Care Policy in Australia

Summary

A series of major reforms implemented through the mid 1980s sought to contain residential care and expand community care in Australia's long-term care system. While this goal has been maintained, a number of new policy initiatives followed the change of federal government in 1996. This article presents a systematic account of current policy objectives, implementation measures, and outcomes in three major policy areas: changing the balance between residential and community care, targeting in community care, and support for family caregivers. This analysis shows that while there have been shifts in emphasis from time to time, concerted policy efforts over the last 20 years have contained the growth of expenditure on long-term care and realized significant change in the service system.     

试论科学把握中国特色社会主义理论体系的不同维度

中国特色社会主义理论体系产生于中国特色社会主义现代化建设的具体历史实践,对中国特色社会主义现代化建设具有重要的指导意义.对于中国特色社会主义理论体系需要从不同的维度进行理解,有助于科学把握中国特色社会主义理论体系.这些维度包括:理论的实践基础,理论的历史相承,理论的内容整体,以及理论的目标指向.     

中国货币供给的宏观效应：一个马尔科夫机制转换的视角

在时变和非线性框架下考察了我国货币供给和货币政策实施货币盯住模式的宏观绩效,计量分析结果表明近年来我国货币供给冲击的宏观效应大大减弱,不确定性上升,货币盯住模式的有效性显著下降,同时利率盯住模式的有效性在显著上升。因此在新的市场经济条件下,通过更灵活、调节成本更小、信息量更充分的利率信号监测并引导宏观经济运行成为提高货币政策效率、改善宏观调控的必然选择。同时货币当局还应选择与最终目标的相关性高而不确定性小的单一中介目标。     

我国货币政策中介目标选择模型及实证研究

在一个有效的货币政策运行系统中，中介目标是一个重要环节。货币政策的作用具有滞后性，有必要借助于一些能够较为迅速地反映经济状况变化的变量，作为观察货币政策实施效果的信号。运用协整理论，得到了我国近年来货币供应量与GDP以及一年期的存款利率R1的关系，并提出了新的货币政策框架。