A proposed methodology for the prediction of mental workload, based on engineering system parameters

In the design of engineering systems, mental workload is one of the most important factors in the allocation of cognitive tasks. Current methods of task allocation have criteria that are defined in only general terms and are thus not very useful in aiding detailed decision-making in system design. Whilst there are many quantitative criteria available to determine the physical space in human-machine interaction, system designers really require an explicit model and specific criteria for the following identification of the mental workload imposed by the system; prediction of both human and system performance; evaluation of the alternatives of system design; and the design of system components. It is argued that the available methods of workload or performance are either too domain-dependent to apply to the design of other systems, or subject-dependent and thus do not reflect the objective workload imposed by the system. The presented research adopts a new approach to cognitive task analysis in dynamic decision-making systems. Based on the characteristics derived from task analysis, a general conceptual model of the prediction of mental workload in system design is proposed. In the new model, workload is represented by a set of system parameters—task arrival rate, task complexity, task uncertainty, and performance requirements—which are considered to be the main sources of workload. In this context, workload becomes an objective demand of engineering systems, independent of any subjective factors. Whether an individual or population is overloaded depends upon their workload threshold with respect to the specified task and environment. It is hoped that this new model, after both laboratory and industrial validation, could be used by system designers to predict the workload imposed on people by systems.     

细化地方预算管理的思路与对策

地方预算管理是国家预算管理的重要组成部分 ,是地方财政管理的中心环节。随着市场经济运行速度的加快 ,现行的财政支出预算管理方式与构筑公共财政运行机制的要求越来越不适应。改变这一状况的出路在于借鉴国外预算管理经验和国内各地预算管理改革思路 ,细化地方预算管理 ,促进预算支出模式的创新     

加入WTO我国工程造价管理的改革和发展

加入WTO后我国工程造价从计价方式到管理模式都必须进行根本性的改革。改革的治本之策是按照市场价值规律发挥“竞争”和“价格”的作用 ,要建立政府宏观调控 ,部门动态监管 ,企业自主报价的运行机制。引进国际惯例 ,推行“工程量清单计价” ,以市场形成价格 ,是改革的根本方向     

加强企业思想政治工作细节更重要

加强思想政治工作把群众思想和行动统一到中央决策上来,把群众智慧和创造力都调动起来,把改革和发展的成果落实到群众之中,是思想政治工作需要特别加以重视的。加强基层的思想政治工作,要关注细节。唯有关注细节,才能把思想政治工作做好、做扎实,才能收到实实在在的效果。只有思想政治工作做好了,才能调动职工群众的积极性,才能提高职工队伍素质。     

“How May I Help You?” Improving Telephone Customer Service in a Medical Clinic Setting

The current study was carried out per management request to improve the overall quality of telephone customer service among appointment coordinators in a medical clinic. Exceptional telephone customer service included (a) using a standard greeting, (b) speaking in the appropriate tone of voice throughout the call, and (c) answering every call received by the unit. A preintervention analysis suggested that performance deficiencies resulted from weak antecedents, poor knowledge and skills, and weak performance contingencies. Task clarification, goal setting, feedback, and performance-contingent consequences were combined to improve these customer service behaviors for 20 full-time appointment coordinators at the clinic. The study used an ABÁ reversal design with weekly maintenance and 5-month follow-up observations. Introduction of the multicomponent intervention produced visible improvements in greeting (38% increase) and friendly voice tone (22% increase) behaviors; performance was maintained above baseline levels at 5 months postmaintenance. Abandon rates (the percentage of calls not answered by a live voice) remained fairly stable, on average. Findings support the use of a multicomponent intervention to increase telephone customer service behavior in medical clinic settings.     

国家自然科学基金申请书的撰写实践

结合课题组实践对国家自然科学基金申请书中六项关键内容的填写进行了研究,概括了申请书撰写应把握六个要点:凸显优势选课题,言简意赅写摘要,了解现状讲依据,知无不言叙内容,切合自身定方案,人无我有求创新。同时,侧重于信息技术等具体项目内容对申请书质量的整体提升进行了探讨。     

水粉静物写生教学刍议

本文分析了水粉静物写生教学中课题设计、学生思维路向的定位、多样化练习等几个问题 ,阐明了水粉静物写生教学中需要注意的事项和色彩理论知识在水粉静物写生教学中的应用。     

试论行政法任务的变迁

当代中国行政法在社会结构变迁的现实背景下,正经历着一个新的行政法任务变迁过程,即在社会法治国理念的宪政目标指导下,采以实质行政法治方法论,以新型行政行为和"措施性法律"为研究对象,关注行政法政策产生过程,并在此基础上构建行政法体系结构的任务指向。     

试论加强我国民族法制建设问题

"民族法制"在我国是一个具有特定涵义的概念.民族法制建设是我国社会主义民主和法制建设的重要组成部分,经历了曲折的历程.目前,我国初步形成了中国特色的民族法规体系,但还很不完善.我国法制建设和民族工作新的形势对加强民族法制建设提出了紧迫的要求.因此,必须站在战略的高度,从加强立法、推进依法行政、加强法制宣传教育、完善监督机制、加强法学理论研究等方面推进民族法制建设.     

历史的责任 深邃的命题——论党要始终代表中国先进生产力的发展要求

本文论述了党作为先进社会生产力代表的必要性、必然性和无可替代性 ,探讨了党应当如何始终代表先进社会生产力的发展要求。