Control, stress, and job satisfaction in Canadian nurses

The main effects of four domains of control (task, decision, resource, physical environment) on job satisfaction and their interactions with three types of job stressors (task demands, role conflict, interpersonal conflict) were examined in a sample of 765 Canadian nurses. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine the proportion of variance in job satisfaction that could be accounted for by job stressors, control, and the interaction of stressors and control in that order. The job stressors were analysed separately and as a composite job demands score, as were the four domains of control. The results indicated that the proportion of variance in job satisfaction increased with the addition of control for the composite scores and for task, resource, and physical environment control. However, decision control did not account for additional variance in job satisfaction above that for any of the job stressors. In addition, none of the stressor x control interactions were significant. The results support previous attempts to test the moderating effects of control, suggesting that perceived control is not a moderator of job stress but rather that it has a direct influence. The relevance of the different domains of control for nurses is discussed.     

重新定位工程制图课程的教学目标和任务

根据新时期对人才素质、能力的要求和工程图学的发展变化,分析了传统的工程制图课程教学定位的不足,依据素质教育的要求和图形的作用,提出了工程制图课程教学的两个层次,以及它们的教学目标和任务.     

任务转换中的执行控制研究

个体的认知活动总是在不同的任务之间转换。有关任务转换中的执行控制的研究,一般把任务转换分为同时性程序和继时性程序两种类型。目前主要有 6 种理论解释:“从注意到行动”理论(ATA)、“前额叶执行”理论(FLE)、执行控制阶段模型(SMEC)、“策略性反应—延迟”理论(SRD)、两成分模型(TCM)以及平行分配加工理论(PDP)。这些理论从不同的角度阐述了任务转换中的执行控制机制。它们之间相对独立而又紧密联系,为探讨个体的认知机制提供了重要的理论基础。     

任务类型、任务难度对中国学习者语用标记语使用的影响——基于真实口语语料的调查分析

对抽样调查中的真实语料及英语为母语者的语料库对比分析表明:中国英语学习者在语用标记语的使用方面同母语者有很大的差别;任务类型、任务难度对语用标记语的使用有一定影响。研究结果表明:语用标记语的教授应该成为英语口语教学的重要内容。教师可通过选择认知负担适当的任务来操纵资源的分配,以最大可能地实现学生对于语用标记语的恰当使用和习得。     

Testing the gender similarities hypothesis: differences in subjective task value and motivation to transfer training

ABSTRACT

Are female and male trainees similar or different in their reaction to training programmes, specifically regarding their subjective task value and motivation to transfer? According to the gender similarities hypothesis, women and men are alike on most psychological variables. However, according to research in organizational behaviour, female and male employees differ on certain aspects, such as their job satisfaction and work identity. To test these two views on gender similarities and differences in the context of human resource development and training evaluation, the present study examined the extent to which gender moderated reactions to training. Based on the expectancy-value theory of motivation and self-determination theory, a web-based questionnaire was used to measure six training reactions: intrinsic value, attainment value, utility value, perceived relative cost, autonomous motivation to transfer, and controlled motivation to transfer. The results indicated that women and men differed in their ratings of attainment value but were similar for the remaining five reaction measures. These outcomes support the gender similarities hypothesis. The findings are discussed in terms of their theoretical implications for modelling gender effects in HRD research and their practical significance for promoting training effectiveness and transfer of training.     

基于工作任务模型的岗位培训课程体系构建

针对岗位培训中“学用脱节”的突出问题,选取高级烟叶技术员、高级客户经理、高级专卖稽查员3个岗位,采用工作任务模型开展培训课程体系设计及课程开发。实证研 究结果表明,工作任务模型是一种有效的岗位培训课程体系设计与开发方法,据此建立的岗位课程体系对解决培训中“学用脱节”有较好的效果。     

差错管理文化对双元绩效的影响机理研究——基于组织认同的中介效应

员工在工作中会不可避免地产生差错,差错的消极影响往往会被放大,从而不利于员工绩效的提高。对安徽省企事业单位的样本数据分析显示:差错管理文化与员工双元绩效具有显著正相关关系;组织认同在差错管理文化与员工双元绩效的关系中存在部分中介效应,即差错管理文化能够直接对员工双元绩效产生影响,也可以通过组织认同来影响员工的任务绩效和周边绩效。管理者应当注重提高组织差错管理文化水平,营造良好的差错管理文化氛围,对员工差错给予更多的理解与包容,从而增强员工对组织的认同感,促进员工任务绩效和周边绩效的提升。     

Evaluation of single and mixed verbal operant arrangements for teaching mands and tacts

The purpose of this series of experiments was to evaluate the effects of mixed mand-tact arrangements on the acquisition of mands and tacts in preschool-aged children. In Experiment 1, the effects of three training arrangements (mand-only training, tact-only training, and mand-tact training) were investigated with 3 typically developing children. Rates of acquisition in single (mand-only and tact-only) versus mixed (mand-tact) presentation were comparable, in contrast to earlier investigations. Experiment 2 attempted to clarify the equivocal findings of Experiment 1 by directly replicating the Carroll and Hesse (1987) investigation with 2 typically developing children. Results again demonstrated no clear benefit of mixed verbal operant training on tact acquisition. In Experiment 3, these same arrangements were evaluated with a boy with autism and included assessments to determine that a relevant establishing operation was in effect prior to each mand training session. Experiment 3 again failed to demonstrate the facilitative effects of mand-tact training on the acquisition of mands or tacts. Taken together, the data from these three experiments fail to support the improved efficiency of mand-tact training suggested by prior studies. Findings are discussed in the context of future research investigating mixed verbal operant arrangements.     

荒诞派戏剧的成就与局限 --尤奈斯库的《头儿》漫论

<头儿>是荒诞派戏剧大师尤奈斯库的一部早期剧作,它较为突出地展现了荒诞派戏剧的基本艺术特征.在<头儿>中,人们欢呼雀跃地等待"头儿"的出现,而最终看到的却是一个"没有头"的"头儿".剧作家以此揭示20世纪中叶,人类精神家园的失落和强烈的虚无感.在这样的世界里,人存在的个性价值没有意义的,人与人之间所达成的关系是偶然的,人与人之间的相互认识是不可能的.     

供应链中合作产品开发的任务分配决策分析

分析了不同市场状况下,新产品开发任务在制造商及供应商间分配的决策。结果表明,分离控制决策供应商承诺情形下,其参与任务分担受到一个阀值的限制,由双方相对边际利润及开发能力决定。分离控制决策制造商指派下,供应商承担开发任务比例更高且产品开发项目规模更大。两种分离控制情形下供应商承担的任务比例都与其边际利润和开发能力正相关,与制造商的边际利润和开发能力负相关。集中控制开发任务分配相较于分离控制,企业间决策的产品开发项目规模更大。