《本草纲目》与伊斯兰(回回)医药的关系

《本草纲目》中的不少“本草”是从西方的伊斯兰诸国传入中国的,伊斯兰民族的医学典籍中的例举及其诠释足可证明这个事实。     

Communicating future water needs to an at-risk population: lessons learned following defeat of the Applewhite Dam and Reservoir Project in San Antonio,Texas

San Antonio, Texas, the seventh largest city in the United States, has experienced steady population growth, since the “boom” of the 1960s. Projected water shortages due to this growth were realized as early as the 1970s by city leaders and south-central Texas regional development decision makers. To reduce dependence on the already over-taxed, Edwards aquifer, a solution, the Applewhite Dam and Reservoir Project, was developed with wide acceptance by federal, state, and city leaders who regarded the project as a necessary measure for regional growth and development. However, opposition by taxpayer and environmental groups led to referendums of 1991 and 1994 in which voters blocked construction of the dam and reservoir leaving the city with limited options for water provision. This case study investigated the factors which led to a clear mismatch in communication between decision makers—those who were aware of the actual and quantifiable risk to the region in terms of reduced water supplies—and the general public, a population that did not have complete and/or adequate knowledge of their actual risk regarding future water shortages, nor, of solutions being developed, such as the Applewhite project. The findings from this case study indicate that when municipal leadership fails to adequately communicate risk regarding resource shortage to an affected public, as well as, openly planned solutions, that voters are likely to underestimate future impacts of water shortages, heed last-minute opposition, and reject long-standing, publicly proposed projects. The intent of this research is not to support either side in the Applewhite controversy, but to shed perspective on the process of adequately and effectively communicating future water needs to an at-risk population. Decision makers in cities across the United States who are faced with solving problems of limited resources needed by a large populace may be informed by the results of this research.     

对当前工业设计教学模式的思考

近年来,有些院校在工业设计专业的新教学计划中提出了“课程环”的构想。这样的教学模式试图把先前自成一体的课程有机地融解在数个相对的小系统中,进而形成以课题设计为中心的大系统。而过去的“三段式”教学模式则是以各门独立课程为中心的。在“三段式”教育下,有的学生几乎每门功课都优秀却做不出好设计来,更有甚者不懂设计程序而无法完成完整的设计。这种教学模式存在诸多弊端。     

南京市自主创新能力的现状分析

运用企业自主创新能力的评价指标体系,对南京市自主创新能力水平进行纵向和横向比较,可以比较好地把握其自主创新能力的现状。通过对南京市近四年自主创新能力指标的纵向比较,不难发现除了自主创新环境之外,南京市的自主创新资源、自主创新活动以及自主创新产出能力均有较大幅度的增长;通过将南京市与三大科技竞争力较强的城市自主创新能力指标进行横向比较,指出了南京市在自主创新能力上存在的突出问题。一是工业增加值率过低,二是研发经费过低。并在此基础上提出一系列对策和建议。对于提高南京自主创新能力水平,无疑具有重大的理论意义和现实意义。     

人口较少民族发展道路探析——以鄂温克民族为例

本文以鄂温克族为例,探析了人口较少民族发展的道路,分析总结了人口较少民族发展的重要经验。     

民国时期青海省人口统计研究

人口是社会发展的前提与基础,对人口数的还原是再现一个地区在某段时期社会状况的关键。在本文中,笔者通过对有限的资料认真详细的考证、周密细致的分析,论证了民国时期青海省人口发展具有较高的增长率——30‰左右;并以此为基础,对民国时期青海省各个年份的人口数作出估算,希冀能对青海地区社会研究提供借鉴参考。     

《国语》的编撰意图及其文学价值

在中国文学史上,《国语》一向不被人重视。其实不论是从史学角度,还是从文学角度,《国语》都是很值得深入研究的。本文通过对《国语》编撰意图的分析,认为其文学史料不是简单的拼凑,而是紧紧围绕礼治、民本、忠恕、正名等思想选择的。此外,《国语》一书结构的安排,也不只是遵循周王室与各诸侯国关系远近、先华夏后蛮夷的原则,而是另有深意,即反映礼乐崩坏的前因后果。《国语》一书因此成为有机的整体,文学和史学价值也进一步提高。     

SCP视角的资源产业组织及其优化的理论分析

SCP理论是现代西方产业组织(IO)理论中占主导地位的理论。文章试图将该理论运用于自然资源产业问题研究中,也就是运用SCP理论的分析框架来研究资源产业组织问题即自然资源产业内部的资源生产经营企业之间的相互关系,这种理论分析旨在促进资源产业组织不断地趋于合理化和优化。     

逻辑的观念与理论——中国逻辑史研究的两个重要因素

“中国历史上是否存在逻辑学”是国内逻辑学界长期争论的问题。其中,“没有逻辑”说还分为绝对论者和相对论者:绝对论者认为中国古代没有任何形式的逻辑;相对论者认为中国古代虽然没有西方意义上的逻辑,但只有非形式逻辑。之所以学者们在此问题上争论不休,是由于双方对什么是逻辑有不同的理解。在进行中西逻辑学比较之前,首先要确定一种统一的逻辑观念,因为逻辑观念是逻辑理论得以形成的基础。     

晚明科场风变与士人科举心态的演变

明代科举体制的相对完善,并未从根本上解决科举竞争压力、内外廉考官权力的不对等与试文的程式化等内在弊端。随着晚明科举流通机制的日渐壅滞,这些弊端也日渐显露,导致了舞弊、权力寻租及揣摩等科场风变的泛生。科举取士公正与公平性的削弱,使基层士人之科举生存环境渐趋恶化,并促动了士人科举心态由"中和恬退"向"燥竞"与"游离"的转化。