应用伦理学视阈下人工智能教育的反思与应对

人工智能的深入发展和广泛应用,深刻影响着教育领域的变革与创新。人工智能教育伦理是对技术伦理视角下教育伦理的再塑,主要面向解决人工智能教育的应用困境。应用伦理学的理论基础来源于五种规范伦理学进路：功利论、义务论、契约论、正义论和美德论,以该理论为基础分析人工智能教育当前主要伦理困境,呈现出功利主义技术观与非功利主义教育观的矛盾、技术与教育多重主体行为的矛盾、技术正当性与个人权利的矛盾、技术引发教育平等与社会不稳定性的矛盾、技术动机与教育本质的矛盾,需从制度、个体和组织三个层面建构人工智能教育生态。     

生物技术作物发展的路障分析

尽管生物技术作物在近十年获得了快速发展,但这种发展与这一技术本身所蕴涵的优势、发展的潜力和空间还有很大差距。而制约生物技术作物发展的因素主要有国家政策取向、农业生物技术研发能力、相关法规、消费者偏好、农民的收益等,这些因素处理不好,就形成了生物技术作物发展的路径障碍,影响生物技术作物的发展。     

中韩出口产品的竞争程度分析

中国的出口将对周边国家包括韩国带来深远影响。中国和韩国的产品出口是否存在竞争关系,如何衡量中韩产品出口的竞争程度,是我们试图研究的主要问题。我们通过按技术构成对产品进行分类,并借鉴关志雄和Lall等人计算产品附加值的方法,比较分析了中国和韩国自20世纪80年代后期以来出口商品的结构变化。结果表明:中国和韩国的产业竞争程度并非表面显现的那么高,中国和韩国可以在国际分工的不同生产环节实现优势互补。     

Non-tariff barrier on chicken imports into Russia: Impact on production,trade and prices

We analyze the Russian restriction on chicken imports as an example of a non-tariff barrier (NTB). Cointegration test results support the hypothesis that the NTB limited trade. We calibrate an equilibrium market model to cointegration results to assess the market impact. The tariff equivalent of the Russian chicken NTB is estimated to be 30 − 40% depending on the representation of consumer demand. Removing the NTB decreases domestic production by 4–5% and domestic price by 27%–34%, while imports increase by 326–423 thousand tons annually in 2015–2019.     

Public transport and people with impairments – exploring non-use of public transport through the case of Oslo,Norway

abstract

Despite the attention given to universal design in recent years, many people with impairments still refrain from travelling on public transport. This explorative case study, conducted in the greater Oslo region in Norway, aims to add knowledge on why this is so. Findings indicate that insecurity while travelling and expectations of problems along the way are significant barriers. For many it is the sum of all challenges combined, from experience or anticipation that leads to non-use of public transport. The study shows that universal design policy, as of today, does not lead to accessible public transport systems that rendered impairments irrelevant. If society could safeguard the individuals’ travel needs, this might have profound societal repercussions through increased workforce participation and value added in society. Only then can society make the best use of all its inhabitants while championing inclusiveness and equality.     

新课改背景下数学师范生专业技能培养的探究

介绍新课改对数学教师的新要求,设想数学师范生专业技能的结构,并对数学师范生专业技能的培养原则及其措施进行了探究.     

Perceived barriers to accessing health services among people with disabilities in rural northern Namibia

People living with disabilities (PWD) face unique problems in dealing with conventional healthcare facilities. We investigate the experiences of PWD as they access healthcare facilities in rural Namibia. More specifically, we investigate structural–environmental and process barriers to accessing health facilities. The study relied on semi-structured interviews and purposive sampling. The results showed PWD find it difficult to walk to health centers for treatment due to lack of transport, money to pay for treatment and toilet facilities and the distance is too far for people with lower-limb disabilities. There is a need to consider the unique issues affecting access to healthcare for people living with disabilities to achieve equitable access to healthcare services.     

Barriers to Integrated Treatment of Substance Abuse and Trauma Among Women

Despite increasing empirical support for an integrated approach to treating trauma and substance abuse, many substance abuse treatment programs have been slow to embrace integrated models of practice. Using an embedded case study design, the purpose of this study was to understand barriers that prevented a substance abuse treatment provider and 20 professionals and staff from adopting an integrated approach to treating substance abuse and trauma. Data analysis revealed 2 kinds of barriers that prevented substance abuse treatment professionals from fully integrating substance abuse and trauma: systemic and professional barriers. These barriers have to be taken into account when trying to move providers and professionals toward integrated approaches to treating substance abuse and trauma.     

Work-family culture and job satisfaction: does gender and parenting status alter the relationship?

Previous studies on work-family culture have examined its relationship with different employee outcomes (e.g., work-family conflict, job satisfaction, commitment) but neglected one important question; namely, who are most likely to benefit from a supportive work-family culture in terms of positive employee outcomes? The aim of this study was to shed new light on the work-family culture–job satisfaction linkage by examining the moderator effects of gender and parenting status in this relationship. Specifically, we asked whether gender and parenting status would alter the association between work-family culture and job satisfaction. We hypothesized – on the basis of traditional gender roles – that women, and especially mothers, would benefit most from a family supportive organizational culture. We utilized three divergent samples gathered from male (N=768) and female (N=1364) employees in Finland: (1) a female-dominated sample from social and health care; (2) a male-dominated sample from paper industry; and (3) more gender-mixed sample from the ICT company. Work-family culture was described through its positive (work-family support) and negative facets (work-family barriers), whereas job satisfaction was operationalized via a facet-based scale. Hierarchical moderated regression analyses performed separately for the three different organizations revealed that the results for mothers and fathers under the condition of high work-family support differed in the paper mill and the information and communication technology (ICT) company. Thus, in addition to gender, the type of organization also moderated the relationship. Specifically, in the paper mill, mothers benefited more from high work-family support than fathers, whereas in the ICT company the reverse situation held: fathers benefited more than mothers. Thus, high work-family support was associated with higher job satisfaction among mothers in the paper mill and among fathers in the ICT company.     

我国职业技术培训现状及对策研究

我国近年来出现了"用工荒"和大学生"就业难"并存的问题,该问题的解决需要从劳动力的"质"上去突破,要通过职业技术培训来改善我国的人才结构。但是我国目前的"学校-企业-培训机构"三位一体的职业技术培训体系还存在诸多不足,文章将从主体资格、培养方式两个方面提出解决对策。