资本逻辑下人的生存困境及出路——《1844年经济学哲学手稿》研究

资本是现代社会产生的根源,资本逻辑构成现代社会的本质。资本逻辑是为最大限度地获取剩余价值而投入、获得、再投入、再获得的动态逻辑过程,在这一逻辑下,人被彻底异化和物化,沦为商品和资本的奴隶。这是马克思对资本主义社会最重要的发现。随着我国市场经济的进一步发展,人们对物的依赖程度日益增强,对资本的崇拜影响到国民经济、日常生活与意识形态,因此我国在利用好资本的同时应该扬弃资本逻辑,走出资本逻辑带给人的生存与发展困境。马克思通过《1844年经济学哲学手稿》对资本逻辑的揭示与批判对我们思考这一课题具有独到的启示作用。     

荒诞的诱惑——让·热内《阳台》之文本解读

对法国作家让·热内的荒诞派代表作《阳台》进行文本分析,指出作者通过奇幻的构思、独特的艺术手法,尽显人类最真实的生存处境,蕴含着独到的荒诞诱惑,仿佛是一枚硬币的两面,反复旋转,透射出人生的无力与孤独。     

从沉默到发声:艾丽斯·沃克小说《紫色》的妇女主义解读

著名黑人女作家艾丽丝·沃克在她的长篇小说《紫色》中塑造了一位在种族主义和性别主义双重压力下苟延生存的黑人妇女西丽亚形象,描述了她如何从顺从到觉醒,并通过抗争,最后获得精神和人格独立的艰辛历程。为了探讨黑人女性的悲惨命运的原因并寻求摆脱这种命运的途径,沃克创造性地提出了不同于传统黑人女性主义的"妇女主义"这一理论,指出了黑人两性之间和谐相处的可行之道,并在小说中从多个角度展现了"妇女主义"的要旨。     

知识论研究的问题与实质

现代西方知识论研究特别明显地表现了形而上学的特征:哲学家们对知识的研究不是从知识的获得过程和知识的最终形式上探究其中的思维活动内容,而主要是研究知识的基本性质、知识成为可能的条件以及知识表达的形式与世界之间的关系。这些不仅构成了现代知识论的基本内容,同时也体现了知识论与认识论的不同。在当代,西方知识论发展的一个明显的变化是随着分析哲学作为主流哲学的登场,"形而上学"遭到无情的批判与摒弃。为知识寻求形而上学根据之类的努力,被斥为无意义的东西。哲学、知识论回到经验论。虽然如此,知识论寻求知识根据的努力依然在进行着,只不过这样的根据表现为知识的诸种条件,包括真、确证(理由)与信念等,尤其是"确证"这一条件,构成当代知识论的核心部分。     

论文化哲学的历史视域和当代走势

人是历史的存在,也是文化的存在。无论是历史和文化都承载和蕴涵着一种厚重而深邃的生存价值。文化哲学正是从这一历史视域出发来理解文化发展的当代意蕴的,那便是文化的生存意义、文化的批判性功能和文化的综合进化趋势。     

Correcting the bias due to dependent censoring of the survival estimator by conditioning

We consider the conditional estimation of the survival function of the time T₂ to a second event as a function of the time T₁ to a first event when there is a censoring mechanism acting on their sum T₁+T₂. The problem has been motivated by a treatment interruption study aimed at improving the quality of life of HIV-infected patients. We base the analysis on the survival function of T₂ given that T₁∈I, where I represents a period of scientific interest (1 trimester, 1 year, 2 years, etc.) and propose a non-parametric estimator for the survival function of T₂ given that T₁∈I, which takes into account both the selection bias and the heterogeneity due to the dependent censoring. The proposed estimator for the survival function uses the risk group of T₂ conditioned on the categories of T₁ and corrects for the dependent censoring using weights defined by the observed values of T₁. The estimator, properly normalized, converges weakly to a zero-mean Gaussian process. We estimate the variance of the limiting process via a bootstrap methodology. Properties of the proposed estimator are illustrated by an extensive simulation study. The motivating data set is analysed by means of this new methodology.     

The exponentiated exponential–geometric distribution: a distribution with decreasing,increasing and unimodal failure rate

In this paper, we proposed a new family of distributions namely exponentiated exponential–geometric (E2G) distribution. The E2G distribution is a straightforwardly generalization of the exponential–geometric (EG) distribution proposed by Adamidis and Loukas [A lifetime distribution with decreasing failure rate, Statist. Probab. Lett. 39 (1998), pp. 35–42], which accommodates increasing, decreasing and unimodal hazard functions. It arises on a latent competing risk scenarios, where the lifetime associated with a particular risk is not observable but only the minimum lifetime value among all risks. The properties of the proposed distribution are discussed, including a formal proof of its probability density function and explicit algebraic formulas for its survival and hazard functions, moments, rth moment of the ith order statistic, mean residual lifetime and modal value. Maximum-likelihood inference is implemented straightforwardly. From a mis-specification simulation study performed in order to assess the extent of the mis-specification errors when testing the EG distribution against the E2G, and we observed that it is usually possible to discriminate between both distributions even for moderate samples with presence of censoring. The practical importance of the new distribution was demonstrated in three applications where we compare the E2G distribution with several lifetime distributions.     

A Class of Permutation Tests for the Equality of Two Marginal Survival Functions Using Paired Censored Data

We studied several test statistics for testing the equality of marginal survival functions of paired censored data. The null distribution of the test statistics was approximated by permutation. These tests do not require explicit modeling or estimation of the within-pair correlation, accommodate both paired data and singletons, and the computation is straightforward with most statistical software. Numerical studies showed that these tests have competitive size and power performance. One test statistic has higher power than previously published test statistics when the two survival functions under comparison cross. We illustrate use of these tests in a propensity score matched dataset.     

The FGM Long-Term Bivariate Survival Copula Model: Modeling,Bayesian Estimation,and Case Influence Diagnostics

In this article, we propose a bivariate long-term distribution based on the Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern copula model. The proposed model allows for the presence of censored data and covariates. For inferential purposes, a Bayesian approach via Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) were considered. Further, some discussions on the model selection criteria are given. In order to examine outlying and influential observations, we present a Bayesian case deletion influence diagnostics based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence. The newly developed procedures are illustrated on artificial and real data.     

On a new distribution arising in decaying inventory systems

This paper considers the number of de~ands for a good item during a cycle of an inventory system with initial stock Q and with the items in stock deteriorating stochastically over time. The demands occur as a Poisson process, and the lot is replenished with zero lead time, making the cycle time itself a random variable. The probability distribution of the number of demands is developed; also tabulated is the minimal reorder quantity Q(k,δ) to assure meeting a minimum of k demands in a cycle with a confidence of (1-δ) .