南瓜营养液的生产技术

介绍了南瓜营养液的生产工艺和动物实验效果。     

新时期高等学校教师培训工作的思考

分析了高等学校教师培训工作的现状,即不完全适应时代发展的需要;不完全适应我国加入WTO后高等教育与国际接轨的需要;不完全适应高等教育自身深化改革和发展的需要;不完全适应教师参训的个性愿望的需要。针对高等学校教师培训实际工作中存在重学历培训,轻师德培养;对教师创新能力、实践能力的培养不够重视;经费短缺,内容陈旧,考核机制不够完善等问题,提出了健全规章,实行依法培训;加强师德建设,采取多种形式,提高教师综合素质;设立专项培训经费及建立健全教师培训的激励机制的对策。     

论WTO框架下技术性贸易壁垒对我国对外贸易的影响及对策

文章分析了我国入世后,在关税壁垒和许多非关税壁垒对我国外贸发展的影响日渐减弱的情况下,WTO框架下的技术性贸易壁垒对我国外贸的不利影响.并提出四项对策:提高国内对技术性贸易壁垒的认识和了解,使企业重视技术性贸易壁垒的不断变化;将技术性贸易壁垒转化为标准化的推进器,提高产品质量;强化知识产权保护,使企业能不断提高自身的技术水平;实施"走出去"策略,规避繁苛的技术贸易壁垒,以期对我国外贸实践有所助益.     

大学计算机专业“基础原理”课的教学探讨

本文针对现代大学生学习计算机专业“基础原理”课程存在的种种客观问题,通过分析这些问题找出其中原因,并介绍对这些问题所采取的解决方案。教学实践表明,这些方案对学生学习“基础原理课”起到了较好的效果,提高了这类课程的教学质量。     

创新意识和思维方法论

美国著名经济学家熊彼特曾说,经济增长并不是由于资本、劳力等生产要素的增加所引起的植物性增长,而是创新所引起的增长。20世纪以来的100年,不仅在科学技术方面是一个创新的时代,同时也是社会变革最为迅速的时代。科学技术创新是社会发展的促进剂,社会创新同样对社会、经济发展产生深刻的影响。为此必须研究创新和创新思维方法的诸多方面,不断地用智慧去提出问题和解决问题,从而不断地产生新的思维方式和框架。在自由的思考之中,我们才最有可能产生创新。     

论大学英语水平统一测试的优越性

我国现行有两套考试系统用以测试大学英语水平:大学英语46、级考试(CET-4/6)用来衡量非英语专业学生的英语水平,而英语专业48、级(TEM-4/8)考试则用来测评英语专业学生的英语水平。依据Bachman和Palmer语言测试原则,为了保证语言测试的有效性,语言测试任务应该与语言应用任务相对应,这种对应是语言测试的出发点和目的。既然如此,对于非母语的中国大学生而言,就没有必要以英语专业或非英语专业的区分用不同的测试来区分他们的英语水平。从这一点出发,完全可以将现行测试非英语专业学生CET-4/6和测试英语专业学生的TEM-4/8合二为一。问卷调查分析也表明,实行全国大学英语统一测试比分成两套考试系统的英语测试更具优越性。     

Discrete time modelling of disease incidence time series by using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods

Summary.  A stochastic discrete time version of the susceptible–infected–recovered model for infectious diseases is developed. Disease is transmitted within and between communities when infected and susceptible individuals interact. Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are used to make inference about these unobserved populations and the unknown parameters of interest. The algorithm is designed specifically for modelling time series of reported measles cases although it can be adapted for other infectious diseases with permanent immunity. The application to observed measles incidence series motivates extensions to incorporate age structure as well as spatial epidemic coupling between communities.     

Social identities and political cleavages: the role of political context

Summary. Using a novel method, the paper investigates the influence of social group identities on attitudes and on voting in a variety of political contexts. Examining the major regions of Britain, Canada and the USA, we find considerable national and regional diversity in the nature of social cleavages. For example, social class and race had widely different effects across societies, but within societies their effects on attitudes and on voting were very similar. However, despite that, age and religion had a similar effect on attitudes across societies; the effects on voting varied considerably. The significant within-country differences underline the importance of using region, rather than country, as the unit of analysis. More importantly, these results highlight the role of political context, especially competing cleavages and the structure of party competition, in the establishment of politically relevant social cleavages.     

The Robustness of Trend Stationarity: An Illustration with the Extended Nelson-Plosser Dataset

We re-evaluate Andreu and Spanos's findings in favour of trend stationarity by considering the extended Nelson-Plosser data set. This expanded (to 1988) data set includes a period of rather different behaviour compared with the original Nelson-Plosser data used by Andreou and Spanos. We find that Andreou and Spanos's models (with only minor adjustments) exhibit remarable stability over this extended period, and indicate that their conclusions are more robust than they have shown.     

企业的合约经济理论探索和统计检验

对企业本质的认识是微观经济学中的一个重要问题,其对中国的国企改革有着重要意义。本文中,我们对企业的合约本质进行了经济理论探索和统计检验,并突出关注企业的激励合约问题。