Empathy and professional attitude in social workers and non-trained aides

The purpose of this study was to investigate empathic communication and professional attitude in vocational groups representing different levels of professional training. A further aim was to elucidate some aspects of the impact of the clients. Four groups of professionals participated, three with degrees as social workers and one with only short professional training. Three groups worked with committed drug addicts, one group with somatically ill patients. The 110 subjects were tested with a video-test of professional attitude and empathic communication. Different response patterns were found in the different groups. The group with short training had the highest proportion of unprofessional responses. The group of social workers working with somatically ill patients showed the highest amount of empathic communication. Furthermore, there was a distinction among the kind of unprofessional responses used by the different groups. Hypotheses on the causes of these differences and implications for future research are discussed.     

Medicine on the line? Computer‐mediated social support and advice for people with diabetes

The advent of thousands of Usenet groups on the Internet, covering a vast range of medical and welfare issues and ostensibly devoted to the mutual social support of participating members, has raised the potential for the development of new forms of 'virtual' health care. This article critically analyses the use by people with diabetes of one such Usenet group. It seeks to establish, first, the extent to which such a site provides some demonstrable measure of social support to its participants. This is approached by undertaking a structural analysis of the site to identify the extent of usage, and the nature of supporting interventions using a fivefold classification (instrumental, informational, esteem and social companionship and other). Second, the article attempts to identify any disparity between the lay health-knowledge in evidence and biomedical opinions proffered by the use of a panel of consultant diabetiologists. The results of the analysis suggest that the diabetes newsgroup provides an example of an active forum for largely well-informed participants who routinely use the media as an aid to the reflexive management of their medical condition. It also raises the prospect of a renegotiated relationship between medical knowledge and lay experience based upon shared learning     

三峡历史文化遗产的考古发掘与研究

复旦大学文博系考古队连续三年参加了三峡库区的文物抢救工作。对麻柳沱遗址和石地磅墓地进行了大规模地发掘 ,发现了史前晚期———明清等各个时期的古文化遗存。同时还利用科技考古方法解读遗存信息 ,复原和重建古代历史文化和社会     

论网络隐私权的法律保护

计算机信息网络技术的发展使得网络空间的个人隐私权受到前所未有的严峻挑战 ,这种状况已经严重阻碍了电子商务和网络经济的进一步发展。强化对网络空间的个人数据和隐私权的法律保护 ,已成为国际社会网络立法的当务之急。本文借鉴先进法域的立法经验并结合我国当前现状 ,提出了网络隐私权保护的相关立法建议     

隋唐音义反切研究的观念与方法之检讨

上世纪隋唐音义反切研究取得了很大成就 ,但研究的方法与观念有必要重新检讨。本文认为音义反切传承自正音 ,不以某地方音为取音标准 ,讨论了以《广韵》为参照系的利弊 ,强调要注重对特殊反切的研究 ,只有这些特殊反切才透露出作者的方音信息     

试析袁宏道小品的语体解放及其与五四白话散文的关系

在散文文体发展史上 ,袁宏道小品所创造、并在以后得到延续的新的语体是五四白话散文语体形成的历史渊源。这种语体较大程度地摆脱了唐宋古文抑扬顿挫的音节、从容舒缓的语气 ,以接近日常形态的方式组织语言 ,从而能更加准确生动地表现思想情感。这是古代散文语体的一次重要解放 ,并成为五四白话散文的滥觞     

关于中世文学开端的一点想法

中国文学史有关上古、中世、近世的分期法 ,早先是通过明治时代日本的中介影响 ,借鉴了西方历史的划分标准。这套标准本身有其特定的构架及内涵 ,故在今天采用上述分期法时 ,仍应考虑到与它的对应性。从我国早期文学的表现形态来看 ,至秦汉 ,文学的发展受专制独裁政体及思想统制的压抑 ,丧失了先秦文学中曾出现的相对比较自由的精神与批判意识 ,质性上显示出较明显的异面 ,并对后世有着深远的影响。比照欧洲中世纪文学的情形 ,笔者赞同以秦汉作为中国中世文学的开端     

略论东南亚华族的族群认同及其发展趋势

二战以后 ,东南亚华人的国家认同 ,逐渐从认同中国转为认同于当地 ;其族群认同也从认同于中华民族转为认同于华人族群。各国华人的族群规模、经济实力、凝聚力 ,以及当地国政府的华人政策的不同 ,其华人族群认同的发展过程和走势也各不相同。但总体趋势是融合于当地社会 ,或作为族群之一构成当地国家民族的组成部分 ,或是同化于当地主体族群。他们作为东南亚人 ,在今后很长时间中仍将保持强弱不等的华人族群认同的意识。     

传统教育资源的现代转化——晚清书院嬗变的历史考察

传统教育资源为适应教育现代化的要求 ,不断变革并融入教育现代化的进程之中 ,从而促进了现代教育制度的建立。晚清书院的嬗变即充分展现了这一历史理性。在社会转型和自身日益衰败的双重作用下 ,晚清书院历经复归书院传统的努力、新质书院的建立和改书院为学堂三个相互交织的嬗变过程 ,走完了现代转化之路。这对我国现代教育制度的建立起到了一定的促进作用 ,并由此与现代教育建立了无法割断的联系。     

论《西厢记》的插图版画

《西厢记》插图版画是中国古代戏曲版画的缩影。它的发展经历了万历前、万历至明末、顺治至乾隆、嘉庆以后四个时期。其特点表现为 :流派纷呈风格各异、画家与刻工的联袂等。《西厢记》版画的流传在当时具有重要的传播价值和舞台演出的借鉴与指导价值。今天它已成为一门独立的艺术 ,具有重要的艺术审美价值。