论创造性思维的时效性

创造性思维的时效是指创造性思维在一定的时间内所取得的思维成果。在追求创造性思维科学性的同时 ,力求其高效率是创造性思维的目的。我们要运用先进的思维工具 ,采用科学的思维方法 ,尽量减少创造性思维中的挫折和曲折 ,力戒不必要思维时间的浪费 ,以提高创造性思维的效率     

神性、人性和理性--略论艺术形态与时代精神

艺术的本质在于其精神性,从艺术和时代精神的相互关系中去确立划分艺术形态的标准是符合艺术本质的.按照艺术所包含的精神内容的不同,艺术形态可分为神性艺术、人性艺术和理性艺术,以丰富的艺术史例可以说明其特征.     

现象学的问题如何发生--德里达对胡塞尔发生现象学的解读

德里达对胡塞尔的发生现象学有他自己的特殊理解,他研究了观念的历史,以及根据所形成的心理习惯构成的观念,当然,这也是观念对象构成的历史过程。发生是一个陌生的过程:在即将来临的历史中包含着一种中断。德里达描述了从某种确定的目的论返回到胡塞尔所新近确立的起源问题的运动结构。德里达研究稳定的结构与发生现象学之间的关系,在这个过程中,德里达提出了关于解构的基本问题。     

贾岛为僧及还俗时间地点考

贾岛出家及还俗的时间地点问题是贾岛生平仕历研究的一个重要问题。通过对现有史料记载以及贾岛等人诗文的考证分析,可知贾岛贞元九年(793)在北岳恒山出家为僧,时年15岁。后曾住洛阳石楼及嵩山一带。贞元十七年(801)在石楼与韩愈初次相识。元和六年(811)春在洛阳又遇到时任河南县令的韩愈,同年秋跟随韩愈赴长安准备应进士举,但并未马上还俗。冬十一月返回家乡范阳,处理僧俗事务。至迟于次年即元和七年(812)春还俗并参加进士考试,时年34岁。     

Child‐Care Usage and Mother‐Infant “Quality Time”

Mothers' time‐use patterns were compared in families in which infants spent more than 30 hours per week in child care (In‐Care group; n= 143) versus 0 hours per week (At‐Home group; n= 183) from birth to 6 months of age. In‐Care group mothers spent about 12 fewer hours per week interacting with their infants, for about 32% less time; fathers of these infants were more involved in caregiving. The groups did not differ in the quality of mother‐infant interaction. In the In‐Care group, quantity of interaction was related to greater separation anxiety and concerns about effects of maternal employment. Time‐use data were not related to child outcomes at 15 months of age. Results suggest that the effect of extensive time spent apart on the quantity and quality of mother‐infant interaction may be smaller than anticipated.     

Conditional Likelihood Estimators for Hidden Markov Models and Stochastic Volatility Models

ABSTRACT.  This paper develops a new contrast process for parametric inference of general hidden Markov models, when the hidden chain has a non-compact state space. This contrast is based on the conditional likelihood approach, often used for ARCH-type models. We prove the strong consistency of the conditional likelihood estimators under appropriate conditions. The method is applied to the Kalman filter (for which this contrast and the exact likelihood lead to asymptotically equivalent estimators) and to the discretely observed stochastic volatility models.     

Making the Best of a Bad Job? Female Part‐Timers’ Orientations and Attitudes to Work

This article uses data from 50 qualitative interviews with female part‐time workers in low‐level jobs in Britain to illustrate their attitudes, orientations and aspirations towards paid work. The research reports two main findings. Firstly, even female part‐time workers at the bottom end of the occupational structure are not a homogeneous group of workers. Secondly, they are not all highly satisfied with their jobs. The article argues that many women (especially those in working‐class households) still do not have a genuine choice between ‘family work’ and ‘market work’. It concludes by presenting a theoretical model of orientations to work.     

Using a computer simulation game to teach family time use concepts

A computer simulation game designed to give students insights into family time use concepts has been used in an introductory family resource management class at Ohio State University and other universities. The game allows for planning for time use changes over the family life cycle. The game can give students insights into economic and sociological models of time use. It is possible that future versions of the game could be used in family counseling.His research interests include derivation of optimal decision-making rules for families and family financial management.Her research interests include financial management over the life course including financial ratios, baby boomers, and retirement. She received her Ph.D. in 1993 from The Ohio State University in Family Resource Management.His research interests include the time trade-offs made between couples, financial planning over the life cycle, and the interaction of time and money between families and their home-based businesses. He received his Ph.D. in 1993 from The Ohio State University in Family Resource Management.     

19世纪末20世纪初中国商人阶层的崛起

在漫长的中国封建社会中,商业被贬之日末务,商人也位于四民之末,士农工商的地位归序似乎成了中国封建社会亘古不变的模式.然而到了19世纪末20世纪初,随着民族危机日益加深,商战呼之欲出,商人团体相继成立,商会诞生,商人政治意识提高并且对政治广泛参与,使商人的社会地位发生了根本性的变化.商人阶层坚持不懈地努力终于迎来了清政府自上而下的重商措施的出台.清延设立商部以指导商人组织,制定商律以规范商人行动,颁行一系列工商的法规以奖商恤商,一系列新经济政策的实施使社会舆论开始从抑商转为誉商,商人在社会上广受赞扬,官员也开始纷纷投资经商.所有这些,促进了中国新的绅商阶层的形成,并进而带动了整个商人阶层随之崛起.