The manager's role in employees' successful return to work following back injury

Abstract

This study reports on the short-term effects of an educational programme for immediate supervisors on employees' back pain problems. The course was designed to help supervisors more efficiently deal with employees returning to work after being treated for back pain. Forty-seven supervisors who had personnel either undergoing treatment for back pain problems or were candidates for this treatment were invited to attend a one-day course. This educational package consisted of information about back pain and stressed specific behaviours which supervisors could use to help their employees successfully return to work. The results showed that 78% of the supervisors found the course to be satisfactory enough to recommend it to a colleague without hesitation. Furthermore, independent ratings made by the supervisors and their employees suggested that supervisors complied with the recommended programme. Returning employees, moreover, gave their supervisors significantly higher ratings of support than a control group whose supervisors had not attended the educational programme. It was concluded that an educational programme which alters specific supervisory behaviours may be an effective method of assisting employee return to work after treatment for back pain. Further research is needed to determine the long-term effects of such a programme on absenteeism due to illness.     

Affective and Cognitive Factors Influencing Sensitivity to Probabilistic Information

In study 1 different groups of female students were randomly assigned to one of four probabilistic information formats. Five different levels of probability of a genetic disease in an unborn child were presented to participants (within‐subject factor). After the presentation of the probability level, participants were requested to indicate the acceptable level of pain they would tolerate to avoid the disease (in their unborn child), their subjective evaluation of the disease risk, and their subjective evaluation of being worried by this risk. The results of study 1 confirmed the hypothesis that an experience‐based probability format decreases the subjective sense of worry about the disease, thus, presumably, weakening the tendency to overrate the probability of rare events. Study 2 showed that for the emotionally laden stimuli, the experience‐based probability format resulted in higher sensitivity to probability variations than other formats of probabilistic information. These advantages of the experience‐based probability format are interpreted in terms of two systems of information processing: the rational deliberative versus the affective experiential and the principle of stimulus‐response compatibility.     

孙悟空的名号与《西游记》的主旨

《西游记》中，孙悟空的名号有一个美猴王-孙悟空-弼马温-齐天大圣-孙行者-斗战胜佛的变化，亦可称之为心与魔之间相交的变化。二者相交反映着孙悟空的心路历程，即求心-束心-放心-收心-正心的过程，而这也正是小说的主旨。且心魔相交之说在《西游记》主旨探求过程中始终是一条重要支脉而延绵不断，这与晚明大行其道的心学思潮有着紧密关联。     

清代藩臬的奏折权

藩臬是对布政使和按察使的简称,他们是地方省级行政机构中的重要组成部分。清初,督抚代替布政使正式成为地方最高行政长官,清统治者通过给予地方藩臬奏折权的形式,控制督抚,纠正督抚行政失误,从而更好的维护地方统治。     

在海洋知识产权诉讼中引入仲裁的探讨——以完善被侵权人保护和救济为视角

近年来,因侵犯海洋知识产权而构成犯罪的情形时有发生,被侵权人往往会因行为人的犯罪行为造成经济损失而提起民事诉讼,而仲裁作为解决民事纠纷的一种重要途径,发挥了不可替代的作用,为了适应国际上非诉讼解决模式,通过探讨刑事附带民事诉讼的性质,本文认为,可以在海洋知识产权刑事附带民事诉讼中引入仲裁。     

Estimation of signal to noise ratio using mahalanobis distance

In this paper, we propose some alternative estimatiors to that given by C. G. Khatri and C. R. Rao (1985), for estimating Signal to Noise ratio. Using Pitman Nearness, Condition for prefering one estimator over the other is estabilished. It is shown numerically that estimators corresponding to Entropy loss function are better more oftern than those corresponding to Squared Error loss.     

省级农民频道的创建与农民知情权的实现

我国目前的涉农频道,多是将传播重点放在向农民群体传授科技知识上,农民只是单纯的被传授客体,没有将农民视为有平等权利的传播主体,所以不是真正意义上的农民频道,而真正的农民频道应在传授知识、争取农民话语权方面发挥重要作用。农民频道应在频道宗旨、频道性质、频道内容及形式方面都有准确定位,唯此才能真正保证农民知情权的实现。     

明代徽州田价发覆

徽州田价是徽商资本流动的风向标。以往研究认为，明代徽州田价呈倒U形增长或直线增长。两种观点都值得商榷，原因是其田价处理存在两类错误：　第一，天启前的徽州田价因忽视田税推割延迟而被高估；第二，忽视了亩的标准不一、亩价数据的高离散度对平均亩价有效性与代表性的影响。在充分考虑田税推割延迟的因素之后，以田价年租比代替亩价指标，通过趋势分析发现：　明代徽州田价既不呈倒U形增长，也不呈直线增长，而呈N形增长。这是徽商资本在嘉靖“严肃海禁”后大量从土地流向盐业、典业，又在万历商业环境恶化后持续回流土地的结果。     

树立“服务荣校”理念 培养高素质应用型人才

广州大学提出“服务荣校”办学理念，旨在寻求地方大学服务地方发展与培养高素质应用型人才的“双赢”。通过改革服务工作体制和人才培养机制，学校拓宽了服务渠道，锻炼了教师队伍，为全面提升高素质应用型人才培养质量创造了新的有效途径，并得到社会的广泛认可。     

中国古代自挽自悼诗文及审美价值

两晋南北朝时期 ,“以悲为美”时代审美情趣和现实际遇 ,为特定文学主题的繁盛注入了生机。自悼与文人感悼英雄志士失意结合 ,成为后世持久绵延的文化心理定势。临终诗则带有被迫性质。 1 这类诗是古人自挽自悼的一种特殊形式 ,主要情感指向偏重于顾恋今生 ,表明一种镇定或超脱、不平和激愤的态度。 2 文学人物的伤感自悼 ,每多带有无法回避死亡的悲剧意味 ,同“乐极生悲”模式结合起来。 3 临终之咏和相关情状描绘 ,多作为突显薄命女子不甘于命运摆布 ,借此进行控诉和抗争。 4 临终留诗具有不甘就死的抗争意味 ;而临终不留什么 ,更表明弃绝一切的否定态度。 5 临终表露出对人生、爱侣的眷恋 ,表现了人物美德及其人性至情。自悼和临终诗文 ,将丧悼文化、悼祭主题同个体对于死亡的情感表现 ,加以结合融汇 ,极大地丰富了个体生命的人生悲剧意识及相关情感心态的呈露方式 ,为后世叙事文学拓宽了情感表现疆域